Applied arts on pottery, ceramics and wax in the Hammadi era

Abstract

This research paper is concerned with studying the applied arts of pottery, ceramics, and wax in Beni Hammad Castle, Bejaia, its second capital, and the various regions they reached, which are considered among the most helpful materials in dating materials in archaeological sites. Perhaps the selection of these materials to shed light on their uses is an indication of Its functional dimensions, its industrial and decorative methods used in industrial products, its intellectual, aesthetic and artistic values and connotations in terms of composition and shape, as well as the level of creativity and innovation reached by the manufacture of these materials, as well as the development of its techniques at the level of shapes or colors as a result of its interaction with the foreign market and its influence by European models, Especially the Marseille and Valencian ones, their manufacture in terms of types, models and techniques was evidence of the Hammadi cultural creativity in the applied arts, which is the result of an authentic craftsman of the castle, with his interaction and acceptance of European influences, which was revealed by historical archaeological sources and museum stores, with description, measurement, and analysis of information. In typological and decorative studies and commentary on them based on some specialized references and decorative monographs, which focused on the aspects of influence and influence in the field of pottery, porcelain and candle making between the Moroccan and European banks of the western basin of the Mediterranean.