Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
The Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities is an international, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed journal published bi-annually by Mohamed Boudiaf University – M’sila, Algeria. Since its establishment in 2011, the journal publishes original research in Arabic, English, and French, covering diverse fields such as sociology, psychology, history, and related disciplines. Committed to the global exchange of knowledge, all works are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, ensuring high visibility and accessibility for researchers worldwide. ISSN: 2253-010X | E-ISSN: 2602-6961
Bullying in School and its Psychological, Physical, and Linguistic Effects on Students with Learning Difficulties: A Descriptive Study
School bullying represents one of the major challenges facing the educational system, and its seriousness increases when the victims are children with learning difficulties. Based on this issue, this study focuses on exploring the effects of bullying in all its forms (psychological, physical, and academic) on this particular group. Such practices can leave profound consequences that go beyond the victim alone, undermining the collective sense of safety within the school, which in turn leads to a deterioration in comprehension and understanding, and becomes a major cause of school absenteeism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fouzia Badaoui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cultural Industry in the Age of Digital Platforms: A Critical Reading in the Light of the Frankfurt School
This article seeks to redefine the discourse surrounding cultural industry through a critical lens within the scope of Frankfurt School research. This academic perspective critiques the realities of modern societies, subject to technological dominance within the framework of contemporary capitalism. In this context, modern capitalism has leveraged mass media channels to promote cultural commodities as symbols of social power and tools for shaping thought and behavior. However, with the advent of the digital revolution, the trajectory of cultural production has shifted, giving rise to a digital cultural industry characterized by diverse producers and consumers. This shift stems from changes in audience dynamics, where virtually everyone becomes a content creator due to pervasive integration and extensive usage of digital communication platforms. These platforms have facilitated the emergence of various phenomena, including individualism, alienation, and a pervasive consumerist culture. In this landscape, commodities transcend their material worth, assuming symbolic significance consumed for both psychological and social gratification. The intertwining of culture with economic commodification and technology serves to obscure critical perspectives, thereby facilitating the imposition of hegemonic control to safeguard conditions conducive to profit generation and social dominance.
Copyright (c) 2026 henia Rezig, souad oulddjaballah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cognitive and Methodological Benefits of Utilising Previous Studies in Social Research
This study explores the cognitive and methodological advantages of integrating previous research into social science investigations. Conducting a comprehensive literature review allows researchers to sharpen their research focus, clearly define relevant problems and dimensions, and build upon established findings. This step constitutes an essential component for ensuring the rigour and validity of any research project. This paper explains the importance of previous studies, categorises their types, examines the contexts in which they apply, and outlines ways to incorporate them into new research. Moreover, it delineates the intellectual and practical gains that assist researchers in navigating both conceptual and methodological aspects. These benefits support the development of a well-structured research framework and help prevent common methodological errors found in earlier studies. Key conclusions include: Previous studies contribute significantly to enhancing cognitive understanding and providing methodological direction. They help researchers address and overcome methodological challenges. They improve comprehension of the research topic and clarify its various dimensions.
Copyright (c) 2026 ghania hadjkoulah، amel gouadjelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Media System Between Structure and Interac-tion: A Theoretical Review of Systemic Analysis in Media and Communication Studies
This article examines the media system as a systemic configuration shaped by the interdependence of structure and interaction within Media and Communication Studies. Using a theoretical literature review, the article reassesses key contributions from systems theory and media systems research. The analysis shows that existing scholarship has largely emphasized structural dimensions while giving limited attention to interactional dynamics and feedback processes. By integrating structural and interactional perspectives, the study conceptualizes media systems as open and adaptive systems, offering a clearer theoretical framework for future research on contemporary media environments. This framework may also inform future empirical studies by guiding the operationalization of structure–interaction dynamics across different media systems and contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meriem Balta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Methodological and operational procedures for constructing tables and analysing them statistically and sociologicall
After the researcher chooses the appropriate technology to collect his data related to the subject of his study that aims to reach healthy facts comes the stage of emptying these data and processing them statistically and sociologically, as they are accessed by focusing on the third: `` coding '' discharge tables '' process of quantitative analysis and How to ''. Accordingly, the subject of the research paper tagged with: "Methodological and operational procedures for building tables and analyzing them" statistically and sociologically "to explain how to build and engineering tables of all kinds: flat screening` `data card '' - simple cross-complex and the detection of various stages and methodological steps And the technical analysis of it properly and correctly to reach positive results that explain the phenomenon studied and then ensure verification of the validity of the hypotheses and the achievement of the desired goals of the research and then revealed the credibility of the relationship between the study variables within the specific context. Keywords: Methodology, statistical analysis, sociological analysis, data tables. Résumé: Une fois que le chercheur a choisi la technologie appropriée pour collecter ses données relatives au sujet de son étude visant à obtenir des faits fiables, vient l'étape consistant à vider ces données et à les traiter statistiquement et sociologiquement, car elles sont accessibles en se concentrant sur le troisième : « codage » des tableaux de déchargement « processus d'analyse quantitative et comment ». En conséquence, le sujet de l'article de recherche est intitulé : « Procédures méthodologiques et opérationnelles pour la construction de tableaux et leur analyse » statistique et sociologique « afin d'expliquer comment construire et concevoir des tableaux de toutes sortes : « tri plat », « fiche de données », « croisement simple-complexe » et la détection des différentes étapes et mesures méthodologiques, ainsi que l'analyse technique correcte et appropriée de celles-ci afin d'obtenir des résultats positifs qui expliquent le phénomène étudié, puis de garantir la vérification de la validité des hypothèses et la réalisation des objectifs souhaités de la recherche, avant de révéler la crédibilité de la relation entre les variables de l'étude dans le contexte spécifique.
Copyright (c) 2026 hanane baadji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Temporary Waqf According to the Mālikī School Its Concept – Sharīʿah Foundations – Objectives
This research paper discusses an important type of Awqāf and Hubūs, namely the temporary waqf, which serves as a rich source of numerous benefits that address essential needs. The study aims to establish the Sharīʿah basis for this type of Waqf according to the Mālikī school, to highlight its significance through the objectives it achieves, and to answer a central question: What are the essential components of temporary Waqf in Mālikī jurisprudence? The research is structured into three main sections:1 Clarification of key concepts 2 An examination of the Sharīʿah foundations according to the Mālikīs 3 A presentation of the most important objectives and intended purposes. The study concludes with several findings, the most significant of which is that the Mālikī position permitting temporary Waqf aligns with the spirit of Sharīʿah and its flexibility. The justification for its validity lies in the continued ownership of the endowed property by its donor, while dissenting views assign ownership either to the beneficiaries or to God Almighty. Furthermore, the wide practice of temporary Waqf and the diversity of its applications contribute to forming a tremendous and effective endeavor, unmatched by institutions in both quantity and quality. Keywords: Habs, temporary Waqf, Mālikī school, objectives of Islamic law.
Copyright (c) 2026 yakoub benabdallah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
An Investigation into the Motivations Driving Female Students to Pursue Sports Specialization in Physical Education Institutes
Sport was traditionally considered a male-dominated field. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest among females in pursuing sports as an academic and professional discipline. Women are now actively participating and even competing with men in various aspects of the sports field. Since every behavior is driven by motivation, the increased interest of female students in sports may stem from multiple factors such as psychological, academic, social, or economic motives — for example, a passion for sports, enjoyment of physical activity, or the availability of career opportunities. This study aimed to identify the underlying motives behind female students’ enrollment in sports disciplines. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of (40) female students from the Institute of Sports. The results showed that personal motives ranked highest (mean = 4.75), followed by academic motives (mean = 1.80), social motives (mean = 1.70), and finally professional motives (mean = 0.85).
Copyright (c) 2026 fouzia benkemchi, Hadjer Chabane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Chicago School and Qualitative Sociology: Towards the Innovation of Fieldwork and the Recognition of Personal Documents and Biographies.
The present article begins with a central objective: clarifying the socio-methodological premises of the Chicago School, and how this school distinguished itself through the qualitative studies of its founders and subsequent students. This study reflects an important stage in the development of qualitative sociology in the United States. Accordingly, this analytical study focuses on highlighting the factors that paved the way for the emergence of the Chicago School, as well as the methodological foundations for addressing sociological phenomena within the framework of field studies conducted by its pioneers. It also examines how this school relied on qualitative tools such as the analysis of personal letters and autobiographies, participant observation, and open-ended interviews. This study was theoretical, and through it, we reached a general conclusion: according to this school, sociological knowledge is based on the analysis of social reality using qualitative and field-based methodologies. This is what we will seek to clarify in this scholarly article.
Copyright (c) 2026 somia ahmedtayeb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Reality of the Elderly Retiree in Algeria
This article aims To reveal the reality of the Algerian retiree and The difficulties and problems he suffers from The post-retirement stage is a transitional stage that experiences a set of transformations and changes It prevents the retiree from adapting to his new life .The study concluded a set of opinions and the results that would Contribute to the enrichment this subject.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zohir Ouahadj, Medan Mouhamed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
In the Epistemology of Historical Narrative : The Term, the Method, and the Historicized
This study addresses the problem of constructing historical knowledge through the application of an epistemological approach to the study of historical narratives. It analyzes the triad of concept, method, and the historian’s self-awareness as an entry point for renewing the tools of historical writing. The research emphasizes the need to move beyond traditional narrative frameworks and to embrace new critical and intellectual perspectives inspired by the developments of modern historical methodology, while preserving the cultural and methodological particularity of the Arab-Islamic heritage. The study presents critical and comparative milestones that combine authenticity and innovation, and proposes a comprehensive methodological vision for producing scientific and conscious historical writing.
Copyright (c) 2026 said chetitah, mourad tadjenant https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Remembering and its relationship to academic achievement among a sample of first-year secondary school students “A field study at Fayed Al-Said Secondary School in M’Sila”
The study aimed to investigate the nature of the relationship between memory and academic among a sample of first-year secondary school students "Field Study at Fayed El-Saied High School in M'Sila Province", It also aimed to reveal the relationship between memory and students' academic performance in the first and second semesters, The study employed a correlational descriptive methodology and was conducted on a sample of 60 students, randomly selected from Fayed El-Saied High School. To test the study hypotheses, the memory (recall) tool developed by Saif Abdoun (1993) was used, and the average grades of each student in the first and second semesters were adopted as a measure of academic achievement. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical data analysis. The results revealed that there is no significant correlation between memory and academic achievement among the sample of first-year secondary students at Fayed El-Saied High School in M'Sila. Additionally, the results showed no significant correlation between memory and academic achievement in the first and second semesters.
Copyright (c) 2026 soumia nettah, saliha lalouche https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluating the Dividend Distribution Policy in Syrian Private Banks in Light of Corporate Governance
This research aims to identify the concept of corporate governance and its importance in reducing agency costs, and to evaluate the dividend distribution policies of Syrian private banks (conventional and Islamic) during the period 2017-2023. The descriptive approach was used, and the legal texts contained in the company laws of Syria and Algeria were analyzed. The research reached the following conclusions: (1) Private banks observed equal treatment of shareholders and did not issue preference shares. Syrian company law permits the issuance of preference shares, while Algerian company law does not, thus ensuring equal treatment of shareholders. (2) Private banks did not guarantee the distribution of cash dividends to shareholders, which is consistent with both Syrian and Algerian company laws. However, the International Islamic Bank of Syria violated its articles of association regarding dividend distribution. (3) Private banks did not adhere to a minimum dividend distribution requirement, which is consistent with both Syrian and Algerian company laws. (4) The external auditor's report did not mention any violations of laws and regulations committed by private banks.
Copyright (c) 2026 منى خالد فرحات، زياد محمد زنبوعه https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The role of parents in developing life skills for their children with special needs
This research paper aimed to explore challenges confronted by children with disabilities in mastering fundamental daily living skills, analyze the pivotal role of parents in skill development, and examine effective intervention strategies for enhancing such development. This vulnerable population encounters substantial difficulties in acquiring essential daily living competencies. Parents assume the primary role in skill development, necessitating provision of stimulating educational environments and effective collaboration with specialists to establish individualized intervention strategies addressing the actual needs of this population. The research paper concluded that effective intervention strategies enabling children with disabilities to confront challenges must be grounded in evidence-based scientific principles. The most significant strategies include: Task Analysis, Visual Supports, and Modeling. These approaches aim to develop comprehensive competencies enabling children to effectively manage daily living requirements and diverse social interactions. Principal recommendations encompass: equipping parents with specialized knowledge regarding mechanisms for integrating life skills within children's daily activities, ensuring access to diverse supportive resources and services, and providing training in evidence-based strategies and techniques for skill development. This approach yields sustainable positive outcomes in children's holistic development and enhances effective integration into the social fabric.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed Mansour, ammar miloud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The impact of the precautionary approach in weighing conflicting hadiths -Establishing and deriving-
This study aims to highlight the significance of precaution in weighing between seemingly conflicting hadiths, encompassing the chain of narration or the text and its meaning and ruling. The application of precaution in weighing between conflicting hadiths when reconciliation and abrogation are impossible touches upon the aspect of foundational principles of preference found in the books of usul scholars, as well as the aspect of jurisprudential branches that fall under them. Precaution generally has an impact on both the foundational and derivative levels. Adhering to it according to its rules and precautions removes the obligated person from the realm of doubt and suspicion, and it achieves exoneration of liability. In conclusion, precaution is considered a fundamental principle of Islamic legislation and an objective of Sharia according to the majority of usul scholars and jurists; it is preferred when there is a conflict in hadith regarding the chain of narration and the meaning.
Copyright (c) 2026 djamel hoggas, lamri belaada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Employing photojournalism on the front page of specialized Arab newspapers
The study aimed to identify how the press image is employed on the front page of specialized Arab press. This descriptive study relied on the descriptive approach using the content analysis method, and the research community was determined in specialized Arab press. A purposive sample was chosen, represented by the Saudi newspaper “Al-Eqtisadiah”, which is the most important and largest newspaper, specialized in the economic field in the Arab region. This study came out with several results, the most important of which are: the great diversity in the employment of the content of the press image among the various economic fields, in addition to the balance in the use of titles for the press image in terms of style and extension, in addition to the good, diverse and sound employment of the press image in the newspaper of the study sample in terms of expressiveness and journalistic frameworks, which is completely consistent with the goals, style and direction of the press image used in press coverage, which is considered one of the most important foundations of the journalistic profession and journalistic editing.
Copyright (c) 2026 tabbi mounir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder -
This study examines a therapeutic approach for the management of individuals suffering from panic disorder through the use of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, based on the clinical method (case study) and delivered through limited and concise sessions. The intervention was applied to a male patient experiencing recurrent panic attacks, exceeding three attacks per day. The therapeutic objective was to reduce the severity of panic attacks and subsequently help the patient adapt to and overcome them. This was achieved through five core phases implemented across five therapeutic sessions, followed by a sixth session dedicated to follow-up and evaluation. These phases included cognitive restructuring of the patient’s perceptions of the disorder, discussion of panic-related expectations and description of the attack, experimental induction and control of panic symptoms, reduction of anxiety associated with panic attacks, and finally overcoming avoidance behaviors. The duration of treatment was four weeks, followed by two weeks of follow-up. The results demonstrated a significant improvement, with a reduction in the number of recorded panic attacks to only four attacks over a two-week period, along with improved mood and increased optimism regarding symptom control. Notably, the patient no longer required hospital admission following the intervention, as had been the case prior to treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 َAbderrahmen Senoussaoui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Reading strategy and interpretation mechanisms in Muhammad Shahrour’s Qur’anic reading through his book: “The Book and the Qur’an” - a critical analytical study-
Interpretation in Islamic history occupied an important epistemological position, and was studied by scholars of interpretation, the Qur’an, principles, and language, until it became one of the important Islamic sciences, and to it are due many interpretive, doctrinal, and intellectual differences in Islamic thought. However, interpretation has acquired a new meaning other than that of the ancients in the contemporary era, and its most prominent features are the openness and breadth of connotations, the presence of reason, and freedom of interpretation. This is what we find in the arena of contemporary studies today, which has applied new research methods in order to edit the Qur’anic text and renew its contributions. It was a bold step in the contemporary Qur’anic reading of the thinker Muhammad Shahrour, and it does not rise to be an integrated ijtihadi vision, because he adopted interpretive dumps and incubators for Western ideas that have become obsolete and lack evidence and proof. He entered the Qur’anic text as an interpreter and interpreter of the Qur’anic text, detaching himself from all reason in doing so. Elongated for religious heritage. The true modernity of the Qur’an is the combination of the ancient legacy and imitation of contemporary civilization in a way that takes into account reality and the basis of ijtihad.
Copyright (c) 2026 moustafa belabas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Problematic of Method in the Social Sciences According to Karl Popper
This study aims to analyze Karl Popper's philosophical approach to the social sciences method. which he addressed from an epistemological perspective that contributed to illuminating various aspects of the philosophy of the human sciences. Popper began this project by critiquing historicism in both of its forms: the first being the naturalist-positivist-inductivist approach, which holds that the method of the natural sciences can be applied to the social sciences, and that social phenomena can therefore be explained scientifically in the same way as natural phenomena. The second form is the anti-naturalist, contemplative approach, which denies the possibility of applying the natural sciences methodology to the social sciences, considering that human specificity makes social phenomena a subject of understanding only, not of scientific explanation, generalization, or scientific codification. Popper rejected both positions and instead proposed an alternative: his deductive method, known as the falsification method. emphasizing its validity as a common methodological framework for both the natural and social sciences. It is a method capable of steering the social sciences away from subjectivity and towards rationality and objectivity.Bas du formulaire
Copyright (c) 2026 hayat machat, hadda BANOUN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The concept of civil society in the Arab context
This article seeks to trace the trajectory of the concept of civil society in the West and its subsequent transfer to the Arab context. During this process of transfer, the challenge emerged of adapting the concept to a reality that differs in both its structure and historical path. The article examines attempts to ground the notion of civil society—particularly by conservative currents—through a return to principles and ideas drawn from the Arab-Islamic heritage, in contrast to modernist currents that strive to preserve the concept in its Western form as a means of affirming modernity within Arab societies. The article also revisits the traditional issue of the relationship between civil society and the state, rearticulating it in the Arab context by tracing the views of several Arab thinkers. These views converge on the notion that the state is as essential to civil society as civil society is to the state—yet without domination or authoritarianism. The vitality and effectiveness of civil society, it is argued, depend on creating genuine opportunities for partnership between civil society and the state.
Copyright (c) 2026 sofian mimoune https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The orthographic mistakes for non-hearing children with cochlear implants-Case study-
This study aims at finding out the orthographic mistakes made by children with cochlear implants through an analysis of their writings, and at diagnosing the difficulties they face when transforming the spoken into written. The study was conducted on 03 primary education learners with cochlear implants aged between 10 and 11, who were chosen at random. In addition, the study uses the analytical descriptive method, the case study, and the scale designed by Hachani Souad (2016) to measure the orthographic mistakes and classify them into lexical and phonological. Findings show that children with cochlear implants suffer clear difficulties in orthography, mainly substitution and distortion of consonants, reflecting troubles in representing the phonological structure of words and matching sounds with letters. Besides, children with cochlear implants suffer difficulties in the auditory (phonological) recognition and a lexical poverty. These two dimensions are integral and directly affect the quality of writing. Therefore, the study recommends adopting an early comprehensive educational approach that targets the linguistic and auditory skills, and fostering the individual interventions according to the specificity of each child to achieve linguistic efficiency after cochlear implant. These results do not only help diagnose the deficits; rather, they shed light on the urgent need to develop specialized and adapted teaching programs based on an exact understanding of these children, which include therapeutical and preventive educational activities that strengthen the vocal representations and distinction between consonants and vowels, and train children on identifying the points of articulations inside each word (start, middle, end), with focus on the recurrent orthographic patterns that cause common mistakes. Keywords orthography; orthographic mistakes; hearing impairment; cochlear implant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamida Bagaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Problematic of Method in Media and Communication Research: Between Traditional Approaches and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence
This study addresses the methodological problematic in media and communication research in light of rapid digital transformations, particularly with the growing role of artificial intelligence technologies in the production and analysis of media content. The study aims to assess the extent to which traditional methodologies can accommodate emerging media phenomena and to propose a hybrid methodological approach that meets the requirements of the digital environment. It adopts a descriptive-analytical method by reviewing relevant literature and analyzing the challenges posed by algorithms and big data to media researchers. The findings reveal the limitations of traditional methodologies in addressing the increasing complexity of digital phenomena and underscore the need to develop new digital tools that integrate both humanistic and technical dimensions.
Copyright (c) 2026 حنان عياد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Using digital media tools such as podcasts and digital educational videos to spread agricultural knowledge among Algerian youth
Algeria's agricultural sector represents a vital pillar of national food security, contributing more than 74% of agricultural needs and employing approximately 2.6 million people. Despite its importance, the sector faces challenges in attracting young people and modernizing its methods. In contrast, the digital space is witnessing an accelerated transformation that provides new tools for knowledge transfer. This study addresses the gap between these two paths by exploring the extent to which the use of podcasts and digital educational videos contributes to spreading agricultural knowledge among Algerian youth and attracting them to the sector. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it fills a rare research gap in the Algerian context that combines digital media and agricultural education This study aims to determine the extent of the spread and use of digital agricultural content among young people, and to measure the impact of this content on increasing their agricultural awareness and knowledge, and understanding the motivations (economic and personal) and challenges associated with this use. It sought to provide recommendations for producing effective and attractive digital agricultural content targeting young people. The study also relied on the descriptive analytical approach, appropriate for such research The questionnaire tool was applied to collect data from a purposive sample of 100 young Algerians (18-35 years old), who regularly follow digital agricultural content. The study concluded that digital media has tremendous potential to change the stereotype of agriculture and motivate young people to engage in it, especially when focusing on innovative technologies and presenting inspiring success stories.
Copyright (c) 2026 ali Belkacemi, Djoudi Benguit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Using Artificial Intelligence in Beneficiary Data Analysis and Its Role in Improving Library Services
Abstract: This study aimed to highlight the essential role that artificial intelligence can play in developing the library work environment through the in-depth and precise analysis of beneficiary data, ensuring improved service quality and greater alignment with users’ evolving needs. This is achieved by analyzing circulation records, search logs that reflect users’ scientific and intellectual interests, temporal usage patterns that reveal peak library visitation times, as well as bibliographic data that allow the classification of beneficiaries by age or educational categories. The results showed that such tools enable libraries to improve collection management by directing budgets toward materials with high demand, in addition to enhancing staff efficiency by reducing routine tasks and allowing more time for activities requiring direct human intervention. The study confirms that integrating artificial intelligence technologies into library environments is no longer a technical luxury but has become a strategic choice to ensure the sustainability of libraries amid rapid digital transformations, provided that strict adherence to user data privacy and security is maintained.
Copyright (c) 2026 radjai smail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
L’IA à l’épreuve de la philosophie : enjeux ontologiques et réflexions critiques
Cet article analyse l’émergence de l’intelligence artificielle à travers trois prismes : philosophique, ontologique et éthique. Partant de la définition traditionnelle de l’intelligence, il met en lumière son élargissement, l’IA simulant désormais des capacités humaines complexes telles que le raisonnement, le langage, la réflexion critique et l’apprentissage autonome. L’objectif est d’examiner les implications profondes de cette évolution sur la définition de l’humain, en s’inscrivant dans un cadre d’anthropologie philosophique et en interrogeant l’essence même de l’homme, ainsi que les enjeux moraux liés à la cohabitation homme-machine. La méthodologie repose sur l’analyse approfondie, la critique argumentée et la déduction logique, afin d’aborder la problématique : L’intelligence artificielle remet-elle en question ce qui fait l’essence de l’homme ? Les résultats montrent que l’IA entraîne une redéfinition de l’intelligence, désormais détachée de sa seule appartenance à la nature humaine. En simulant des capacités cognitives complexes, elle brouille les frontières entre naturel et artificiel, humain et machine, et confronte le cogito cartésien à ses limites. Dans une perspective nietzschéenne, elle apparaît comme à la fois un outil de dépassement et une source potentielle de dépendance. L’IA agit ainsi comme catalyseur d’une crise existentielle, invitant à repenser le sens de l’existence et à instaurer une éthique de la cohabitation fondée sur la responsabilité, la lucidité et l’audace. Ce cadre ouvre la voie à un nouvel humanisme intégrant l’IA comme partenaire évolutif.
Copyright (c) 2026 شريف بركة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Phonological Awareness as a Predictive Indicator of Spelling Performance Difficulties Among Fourth-Year Primary School Students
This study investigates the relationship between phonological awareness and spell-ing difficulties among fourth-year primary school students. The study adopted a correlational methodology to examine the association between these two (02) vari-ables. A sample of sixty (60) fourth-year primary school students was selected using an intentional sampling method. Two standardized instruments were employed: the Phonological Awareness Scale and the Spelling Difficulties Scale. The key findings reveal a statistically significant negative correlation between pho-nological awareness and both types of spelling difficulties (visual and auditory). Precisely, the results indicate that: there is a statistically significant negative correla-tion between phonological awareness and visual spelling difficulties, furthermore, there is a statistically significant negative correlation between phonological aware-ness and auditory spelling difficulties and alternatively, there is a statistically sig-nificant negative correlation between phonological awareness and the overall di-mensions of spelling difficulties (visual and auditory combined). These results suggest that as students' phonological awareness increases, their spell-ing difficulties decrease. The study concludes that phonological awareness is a sig-nificant predictor of spelling proficiency and underscores the importance of devel-oping phonological awareness skills as a foundational component of early literacy instruction. Several educational implications and recommendations are discussed
Copyright (c) 2026 hadjer haoues https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The ruling on the singular narration of the trustworthy narrator
The issue of uniqueness is of great importance, as it plays a significant role in uncovering. Uniqueness in itself is not a fault, but it is a presumption of one and a raison for it. This research came to examine the judgments of the imams who are critics of the prophetic hadith and to clarify their stance on the uniqueness of narrators in general and the trustworthy narrator In particular. By tracing their texts and looking into their practical applications, it becomes evident that they considered the conditions of the narrators and distinguished between and the honest, and hence, the aim of the research was to examine the rulings on the uniqueness of the trustworthy and the evidence related to their uniqueness, this is because the majority of later hadith scholars have adopted the practice of accepting the trustworthy narrator as long as he does not contradict someone stronger than him. This is contrast to the methodology of the triticale imams, who do not judge a narrator-whether hi is trustworthy or truthful-based on a general rule of acceptance or rejection, except through the considerations and examining the reality of the narration from the condition of the narrator and the narrated.
Copyright (c) 2026 سليم نصري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The contribution of local sources in recording the history of Algeria during the 17th century AD (trips as a model)
This article aims to highlight the importance of Algerian local sources in writing and recording the history of Algeria during the Ottoman period through the travels of Algerian scholars to the WEast and the Arab East, especially in the 11th century AH / 17 AD, and the extent to which they contribute to shedding light on an aspect of Algeria's cultural history in the modern period and activating the scientific movement and cultural communication between the Eyalet of Algeria and the Arab countries. As examples of these trips, I chose the journeys of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Maqarri and Abu Zakaria al-Shawi Yahya al-Na'ili during the 11th century AH / 17 AD.
Copyright (c) 2026 ابوبكر واضح، حليلي بن شرقي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ottoman expansion in the Maghreb: conditions and objectives
The Maghreb is a historical active geography its embrace of many Mediterranean civilization that contributed to enriching the regions historical balance by those events that have constantly changed geopolitical and social concept, among those civilizations, which had a respected and great legacy in the region due to the common religious and historical ties was to ottoman Islamic caliphate which took on the civilization role in the Arab Maghreb at the beginning of the16th century ad, between difficult political, economic and social condition that the regions experienced due to insecurity, internal stability and increasing unity the European Scurry externally, after temporarily removing the crusader threat from the Maghreb coasts ,it turned to a new stage based on social unity, by removing the political and social deference in the Maghreb countries that were previously week and feuble entities ,and imposed security and stability by cutting the way to political problems, to establish strategic and vital rules to control the cause of the maritime conflict with Christian forces ,especially as the Maghreb countries contained rules of a geo-strategic nature.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadhir Rouabhi, mouhamed cheboub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Electronic window of protected documents as a strategy for administra-tive effectiveness to extract biometric documents (Identification Card, Pass-port and Driver's licence) Theme: Digital Municipality of M'sila
In pursuit of quality public service, the state seeks to generalize digitalization in administrations as a primary means of achieving quality service delivery. Municipalities now offer various services through internet networks and electronic devices, requiring material and human resources to bring administration closer to citizens and facilitate access to documents. Biometric national identity cards, passports, and driver's licenses rely on a global digital system for data processing and document issuance, This is achieved through the electronic window for secure documents, a program developed as a network and large database containing personal information for each Algerian citizen. This study aims to introduce this program, examining its key features, practical applications, effectiveness, and identifying observed shortcomings that can be addressed in the future, By exploring digitalization in public administration, this research contributes to understanding its impact on service delivery in Algeria. The study provides insights for policymakers and administrators seeking to improve public services and enhance citizen satisfaction, highlighting the potential for future improvements
Copyright (c) 2026 فريد دراج https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The influence of poor psychological toughness, existential anxiety, avoidant attachment, and the use of the internet as a defense mechanism in the emergence of digital addiction a theoretical analytical study
Digital addiction is a contemporary psychological phenomenon that is increasingly affecting the lives of individuals, as excessive use of the internet leads to a deterioration in psychosocial functioning. This article aims to study the impact of poor psychological toughness, existential anxiety, avoidant attachment, and the use of the internet as a defense mechanism in the emergence of digital addiction, where poor psychological toughness shows a large role in increasing stress and using the internet as an escape method. The research also deals with the relationship between existential anxiety and avoidant attachment, and how they contribute to increasing dependence on the digital space as a defense mechanism, based on the analysis of relevant psychological literature and theories, while providing an explanatory model illustrating the interaction between these factors in the emergence of digital addiction.Through this, this research aims to provide foundations for understanding the phenomenon and developing effective therapeutic strategies to deal with it.
Copyright (c) 2026 kamilia sidra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Civil Society as a Structural Pillar of National Development and Social Transformation in Algeria
This research explores the trajectory of the "Partner Society" within the context of the 2020 Constitutional reforms, which have repositioned civil society as a central actor in the national development project. By analyzing the shift from informal volunteering practices to the formalization of agency. The study identifies a new model of participatory governance, the analysis focuses on the efficacy of these new actors in addressing territorial disparities, particularly in the "Shadow Zones", and the role of digital transformation in bridging the gap between youth aspirations and state-led development goals. The study concludes that the enshrinement of civic agency in the constitutional framework represents a strategic move toward social accountability and sustainable growth, provided that challenges of digital inclusion and institutional adaptation.
Copyright (c) 2026 ahmed Ghezal, Abdelghani Hadjab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Requirements for the trainig of Algerian primary school teacher within the specific historical context
To understand the heterogeneous reality of teacher training in the Algerian school system ,it is necessary to return to the historical context in which the educatioal policy was established,along with the processes of revision ,change ,marginalization,and absorption that it underwent .These factors have significantly influenced teacher-training programs,with teachers bearing the greatest responsibility for embodying the eductional philosophy This study training to identify the requirements of the training process for teachers in the Algerian schoool system,while taking into account the particular historical context of Algeria-namely,the colonial period that destroyed an educational system which had been flourishing befor its arrival.Using a descriptive-analytical method,the study concludes that the requirements of teacher training are not limited to the training curriculum,the physical environment,the teacher,or the supervisory staff.Rather ;they also involve symbolic requirements that can conceal or procedurallay overcome contradictions in order to ensure the reproduction of the agreed-upon educational philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2026 نصيرة براهمة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Incivility in Algerian schools: a challenge to students’ self-esteem
This study aims to examine and explore the self-esteem of school-going adolescents involved in uncivil behaviors-a relatively recent concept that encompasses a range of disruptive actions that challenge established order and has become widespread in school settings. The research was conducted at YAICI Abdelkader High School (formerly Technicum) in Ihedadden, Béjaïa, with 150 students aged 15 to 20 years enrolled during the 2024/2025 academic year. A descriptive method was adopted, using two instruments: Pierre Coslin’s Incivility Scale (1997) and the Toulouse Self-Esteem Scale (adolescent version). Findings show: (1) gender differences in uncivil behaviors; (2) variability in self-esteem levels across its domains depending on gender; and (3) no significant relationship between adolescents’ involvement in uncivil behaviors and their self-esteem-suggesting that students engaged in such behaviors do not necessarily experience reduced self-esteem as a result of their actions.
Copyright (c) 2026 samira abdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Renewing the Dawah Discourse Through multimedia.
This study examines the dynamics of the renewal process of religious discourse through multimedia by analyzing podcasts as a model. It considers this model to be the most widespread and popular today. Conversely, preaching discourse today appears as an intellectual, semantic, and expressive product of the reality of Islam and Muslims. The motivation for change appears in content sometimes, and in frameworks at other times, through technical and artistic means that are rapidly emerging and gaining prominence day after day. These technological tools help disseminate this type of discourse on a wider scale. Hence, the need for these applications emerges, which help expand and disseminate preaching discourse through podcast programs and platforms across various applications and multimedia. The study concludes the importance of technological means and their impact on the dissemination of the message. Media, with its religious content, is embedded within a modern, living, and ever-changing medium. The preaching discourse may lie in the hidden or profound details of relevant and influential human issues, such as relationships as an art or industry. This discourse has the ability to root human values ​​and concepts according to a solid Islamic and preaching perspective within effective and influential technical forms.
Copyright (c) 2026 houda akkouchi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0