Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
The Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities is an international, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed journal published bi-annually by Mohamed Boudiaf University – M’sila, Algeria. Since its establishment in 2011, the journal publishes original research in Arabic, English, and French, covering diverse fields such as sociology, psychology, history, and related disciplines. Committed to the global exchange of knowledge, all works are published under the Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0) license, ensuring high visibility and accessibility for researchers worldwide. ISSN: 2253-010X | E-ISSN: 2602-6961
The risks of troublesome MusculoSquelettiques « TMS » in Algeria: How to practice at home in Amizour in Bejaia « the hotel in Ben Merad El Mekki
In order to answer the question of well-being at work, the state of health of employees is an important issue of health at work, in particular, it is to fight against all types of occupational risks that threaten the lives of employees. in their professional environment. As a result, a set of occupational diseases emerge in the absence of good working conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders "MSD". MSDs are the number one occupational disease in the world, either in the private or public sector. On the other hand, the theme of MSDs in Algeria is taken upside down, especially in the professional hospital environment, which means it is an organizational and management problem, and not a simple health problem. Thus, MSDs are occupational risks, linked to the appearance of many risk factors (physical, psychological and social) to which caregivers are exposed. They explain that the prevention of the latter is a necessity, it is an obligation for all, in accordance with the obligation of safety. Therefore, our research aims to answer the following questions: Can healthcare establishments fight against the physical suffering generated by work, and what prevention approach to reduce the impact of MSDs? Does the hospital take MSDs seriously? To carry out this research, we opted for the combination of the two qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, which favors complementarity, in order to properly analyze and explain the results. Thus, to use the "itamami" method to better understand the problem of MSDs, within the Amizour hospital, because this work environment, its medical profession, is affected by MSD risks. This explains why the prevention of this problem is a necessity to ensure the state of health and well-being of the staff, also to improve the working conditions within the hospital of Ben merad El Mekk, respecting ergonomic standards and rules.
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Power Dynamics and Ottoman Administration in Algeria: "An Analytical Study of Structures and Functions"
This study explores the power dynamics and administration during the Ottoman period in Algeria, focusing on a comprehensive analysis of administrative structures and functions, and the relationship between central and local authority. The research begins by outlining the historical timeline, examining changes in the administrative system from 1515 to 1830. It analyzes the relationship between the central authority in Istanbul and the local governors in Algeria, studying the balance between military and civil power and the role of the Ottoman army in this context. Additionally, it addresses the organization of the financial and supervisory systems, including the taxation system, as well as penalties and rewards. The study also highlights the transformations within Ottoman administration and the challenges it faced, such as communication difficulties and local rebellions. Furthermore, the research examines how local elites were managed and their influence on the Ottoman administrative system.
ksar Boukais in Béchar, its reality and preservation mechanisms
The desert areas were known and characterized by the architecture of traditional clay palaces, which inspired many scholars interested in studying the architectural heritage of such areas.desert palaces are a city that pulsates with many religious, customary and social values and a sincere expression of the local community adhering to its customs, traditions and values, despite the abandonment of many children and grandchildren for various circumstances to modern housing, but they are still witnessing a set of activities and the visit of many tourists. all this and that requires study in order to preserve and value such material heritage in the desert areas of Algeria. In order to study such a cultural heritage, we will highlight the boukais Palace, one of the palaces of the north, along with the mougul and lahmar in the state of Bechar in Algeria, which was distinguished by its architecture and its watering and water distribution system, which surprised many researchers, and its customs and traditions, to personalize its current reality, especially since parts of it were demolished and obliterated due to neglect, and we propose a set of solutions that contribute to some extent to preserve and value it in light of the Algerian state's policy aimed at exploiting architectural heritage as an important tourist resource in activating desert tourism and preserving authenticity, since a physical witness of a historical epoch that marked such societies in the midst of the world's cultural diversity .
Reality of the Application of Evaluation in Higher Education from the Professors' Perspective An Analytical Study-At Amar Telidji University in Laghouat
The current study aimed to know the reality of evaluation in higher education from the teacher's point of view by an analytical study at Amar Theliji university in Laghouat, where the study has reached (36) teachers, the descriptive analytical approach has been adopted. And the results revealed a different point of view from the higher education teachers about the reality of implementing evaluation, where the implementing evaluation in higher education is facing organizational and pedagogical obstacles, which goes back to the necessity of coordination between the various bodies involved in the evaluation process, and the need to develop the evaluation methods and tools. However, there are significant contributions from teachers to achieve the evaluation goals in an effective way, with the necessity of emphasizing the role of evaluation in improving and classifying the capacities of the student.
The Onomastics of Chocolate and Luxury Sweets. A Sociolinguistic Approach
The relationship between language and branding, deeply embedded in various cultures, has been widely explored in marketing and sociolinguistics, yet the role of onomastics in luxury chocolate branding remains underexamined. Historically, chocolate was associated with prestige and exclusivity, first as a sacred offering among the Aztecs, later as a luxury commodity in 17th-century European chocolate houses. Over time, branding has leveraged onomastics to reinforce chocolate’s elite status, with names inspired by mythology, aristocracy, emotions, and geography, crafting an aura of sophistication. This study investigates how brand names in the chocolate and confectionery industry employ linguistic strategies to evoke exclusivity and sensory appeal. By integrating phonetic elegance, morphological sophistication, and cultural symbolism, luxury chocolate brands craft names that reinforce their prestige and desirability. The study draws on sociolinguistic theories of prestige and branding, analyzing a corpus of one hundred chocolate brand names to uncover phonetic, morphological, and semantic trends that contribute to their market positioning. Findings indicate that phonetic smoothness, diminutive suffixes, and references to aristocratic and geographical origins enhance a brand’s elite image. The prevalence of French and Italian-derived names suggests a deliberate association with culinary excellence and historical luxury. Furthermore, the study explores the semiotic power of chocolate branding, where names act as linguistic markers of indulgence and status. The research contributes to the growing field of commercial onomastics, providing insights into how language influences consumer perception and purchasing behaviour in luxury markets. Future research could examine cross-cultural variations in chocolate branding and the psychological effects of phonetic and morphological choices on consumer engagement. By decoding the linguistic patterns behind successful luxury chocolate brands, this study underscores the intricate relationship between language, branding, and consumer psychology
The reliance of the media elite on citizen journalism during news coverage
This study aims to explore the reasons behind the Algerian media elite's reliance on citizen journalism as a source of news. The participation of citizen journalists in news coverage, content production, and visual reporting has been a central topic in numerous academic studies and scientific discussions among specialists in the field of new media and communication sciences. This interest has grown significantly with the rapid advancement and widespread adoption of new technologies, including smart devices, digital platforms, and interactive social networks, which have become integral to various aspects of life, including media activities. This evolution has captured the attention of media organizations, particularly news television channels, leading them to engage with and utilize such content. Consequently, citizen journalism has emerged as an active contributor to achieving the principles of public service media.
A Psychoanalytical Reading of the Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides: The Many Layers of Silence
In Alex Michaelides' psychological thriller The Silent Patient, silence emerges as a powerful and enigmatic force shaping the narrative and inviting psychoanalytical inquiry. Beyond mere absence of speech, silence becomes a complex phenomenon, reflecting intricate human interactions, conveying deep trauma, and asserting personal agency. The novel challenges readers to examine the boundaries between expression and repression, art and speech, truth and deception. This article investigates the narrative through a psychoanalytical framework, employing Freudian and Lacanian theories to explore unconscious motivations, trauma, and identity. Alicia's silence is analyzed as a manifestation of trauma and resistance, revealing the defense mechanisms and desires embedded in the characters. Ultimately, the study highlights how the interplay of silence and psychological complexity deepens the novel's thematic richness and narrative intrigue.
Leitmotiv in perspectives on didactics of languages and cultures
Reflection on language often provokes a parallel reflection on culture, and vice versa. In the global context, the French language is not only a tool of communication but also a vector of memory and culture. Any questioning of its role and influence raises the question of its cultural dimension and its links with teaching, where teachers aspire to promote a cultural openness. From a cultural perspective, this article examines language and culture teaching (DLC) as a discipline of intervention. Its objective is to establish and strengthen the link between the French language taught and its culture, considered as a perfect match forming a homogeneous and meaningful whole. To this end, we analyze the theoretical foundations of culture in the didactics of French as a foreign language (D.FFL) and examine the main areas of reflection. Our descriptive analysis addresses the following topics in succession: the position and complexity of DLC, the semantic field of culture and its fundamental concepts, concrete didactic proposals, and the place of culture in language teaching methodologies. Finally, the article highlights the new roles assigned to teachers and learners in this context.
An Examination of Stylistic Devices in Algerian Dialect Riddles
This study examines the stylistic devices inherent in Algerian riddles (al-muḥājāt) to elucidate their structure and profound cultural significance. Based on a corpus of 102 riddles sourced from both archival documents and contemporary oral traditions, the analysis employs Galperin’s (1977) classification framework, which systematically includes phonetic, lexical, and syntactic stylistic devices. The findings reveal a marked predominance of lexical devices, notably personification and paradox, underscoring the sophisticated artistic and metaphorical construction of riddles within the Algerian oral tradition. Specifically, the high frequency of personification suggests a fundamental narrative strategy where inanimate objects are granted human-like qualities and actions, a technique that deliberately fosters the essential ambiguity of the genre. For instance, common household items or elements of nature are described as speaking, eating, or walking, forcing the solver to detach the descriptor from its literal human context. The study affirms the riddle as a rich linguistic and cultural form that effectively integrates creativity, cognitive challenges, and socio-cultural transmission. By systematically classifying these expressive means, this research contributes foundational data to the underdeveloped field of Maghrebi dialect stylistics, offering new insights into the aesthetic mechanisms of Algerian folklore and suggesting the potential for further cross-cultural stylistic comparisons.
The Issue of Assessing Prior Learning Achievements in Primary Education Between Implementation Mechanisms and the Effectiveness of Practice: A Study in Light of Ministerial Circulars and Educational Guide
Abstract: The assessment process is a fundamental aspect of the educational system, playing a pivotal role in shaping both student development and educational outcomes. In this regard, the Algerian education system has placed significant emphasis on reforming its assessment mechanisms to encompass a wide array of testing formats and formal examinations, spanning all educational levels from primary to secondary education. Notably, the primary education stage has undergone a substantial transformation in the way student achievements are evaluated, particularly with respect to their progression into middle school. A key element of this shift was the abolition of the Primary Education Certificate Examination (CEPE), a historically critical assessment milestone for students, and its replacement with an innovative form of evaluation centered around assessing prior learning achievements. This modification has sparked considerable debate within educational circles, especially among educators, due to the absence of clear guidelines for its implementation and the lack of defined operational mechanisms. Consequently, this uncertainty has led to heightened anxiety among students and their families, as the new assessment method now plays a crucial role in determining students’ competencies and readiness for middle school entry. This paper aims to critically examine this new form of assessment, assessing its effectiveness and exploring the practical implications of its application within the Algerian educational context. Keywords: Assessment, Prior Learning Achievements, Activation Mechanisms, Practical Effectiveness.
The Role Of Cybersecurity Awareness in the Era Of Digital Transformation
With the development of technologies, institutions must move towards implementing cyber security. If it is exploited in a positive way, it affects the performance of these institutions. Our study aims to clarify the concepts of cyber security and seeks to raise awareness by knowing its importance and reality in institutions in light of the digital transformation by investigating the views of a sample of Algerian society using a questionnaire tool, through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program and using appropriate statistical methods. After analyzing the outputs, we concluded that there is a strong statistically significant relationship at a significance level of 0.05 between the opinions of sample members about the perception of the dimensions of cyber security and its reality attributed to demographic variables.
Psychological Impacts of (4x4) Shift Work Field study at the Natural Gas Liquefaction Complex in Skikda.
This study aimed to conduct a psychological evaluation of the (4x4) shift work system at the natural gas liquefacion complex (GL1K) in Skikda, focusing on measuring its potential psychological impacts, represented by depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition to asses levels of these impacts among shift workers, the study aimed also to examine their prevalence according to certain demographic Characteristics. The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 76 individuals out of a total of 552 workers working on (4x4) shift work system at the Skikda Natural Gas Liquefaction Complex (GL1K), operated by Sonatrach petroleum company . Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of two parts : The first part covered demographic data, while the second part included the Arabic version of the depression, anxiety, stress scale (dass- 21). The results showed that participants working on (4x4) shift system, suffer from high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, reaching intensities of 20.88, 18.68, and 27.84 respectively on the (dass-21) scale. These levels all fall into the severe category. The results also indicated a variation in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among participants. As participants with more seniority in the shift and those who are maried, suffer from higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally finding also suggested that participants who chose to work in shifts, suffer from similar levels of depression, anxiety, and stress to those who are assigned to the shift without being asked. Keywords : shift work ; depression ; anxiety ; stress.
Digital privacy and efforts to regulate it among users of social networks
Through this research paper, we address the reality and importance of awareness of digital privacy by identifying the risks of violating the latter through social media platforms, as well as the efforts made to highlight clear steps to organize them in a way that serves the user's protection of the methods of employing this personal data in a way that helps from his awareness of it in exchange for the information he publishes about His life, as well as the reference to the founders of these sites to increase the safety of the data of those involved in their platforms and limit their exploitation, and the role of international community bodies and organizations in supporting the right to digital forgetting in the event of a retraction of this data by its users and the most important precautions taken and recommended.
The role of investing in capital human in transition success municipalities digital -A field study in the municipality of Bordj Bou Arreridj-
This research aims at demonstrating the important role that is played by the investment in the human capital to manage reaching the electronic transfer operation in municipalities and reveals the efficiency of the strategies and tools established by the municipal administration to invest in its human potential in order to reach an electronic muncipality that satisfies the electronic era. Therefore ,a major question to the problematic of the research has imposed itself : Does the municipal administration of Bordj Bou Arreridj use efficient strategies and tools to invest in its human capital in a way that helps the transfer towards an electronic minicipality which satisfies the needs of an electronic era ? To answer this question , we have elaborated a questionnaire to collect information and have distributed it among the the research samples (employees) that reach the number of 121 employees. The research showed several defficiencies in the management of the human capital which was the cause of the obstruction and delay of the electronic administration project in the municipality of Bordj Bou Arreridj. As a remedy to the situation, the study recommended the importance of taking care of the human element through the investment in his abilities, competences and knowledge, in a way that ensures the right movement to an electonic municipality and develops the relation between the citizen and the administration to enable him acquire his documents " home made". This leads to accomplish the main aim of the electronic administration by illustrating the term"electronic citizen" .
Intelligence and school achievement in light of the COVID-19 pandemic
Our study focuses mainly on a set of main determinants of both intelligence and school achievement, in light of the epidemiological crisis that affected all countries of the world and impeded the functioning of all sectors in which gatherings of individuals reside. To order the closure of these institutions, which reflected negatively on the university educational process, especially students who were greatly affected in their educational attainment. We have moved first towards defining the nature of intelligence and school achievement, and thus we put a hand on the various forms of intelligence and its components, and its measurement. As well as the significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic as one of the factors affecting the school achievement of students in the assessment-educational process, and to identify the most important results of that.
Women's role in the mobility of commercial markets in the Umayyad State 41-132 AH
This article addresses the issue of the contribution of Arab Muslim women in the economic aspect, and the supply and mobility of the Umayyad markets in the Islamic Levant (41 AH-132 AH750-661 /m), as this study reveals the role of women in their contribution to making the history of the Islamic Levant during that important period of time, as a period of optimal application of Islamic teachings, and it is not reasonable that the share of Arab Muslim women in contributing to the making of Arab-Islamic civilization, especially with regard to the economic aspect, is submerged, and therefore we tried to highlight their contribution in the field of Umayyad Markets and Economy (41H-132H750-661/) In order to highlight this economic contribution, we addressed the economic contribution of women at the market level in the Umayyad era and the statement of their most important contributions to the revitalization of the market movement through the provision of commercial goods and their contributions to trades and crafts, and for this we extrapolated various sources and used some references to reach the desired. Keywords: Markets ،Orient ، Women، Contribution، Umayyad، Economy، State.
Almohad propaganda and its role in justifying Ibn Tumart’s claim to Mahdism The pillars of the success of the Mahdi project by Ibn Toumart (d. 524 AH/1130 AD) -Reading in the methods and their effectiveness in light of the source texts
This article aims to shed light on the role of Almohad propaganda in shaping the historical narrative surrounding Ibn Tumart’s claim to the Mahdi, through a critical analysis of historical sources, particularly Almohad ones. This would give a certain objectivity to the scientific presentation of such a sensitive subject in light of the existing debate on the personality of Muhammad ibn Tumart in the past and present among historians. The article also attempts to place the incidents in their correct historical context by analyzing the methods and means used to strengthen, justify and legitimize the claim of Mahdism and what resulted from it by the claimant himself and then by his followers after him. One of the most important conclusions of the research is that the political propaganda that promoted the thought of Ibn Tumart and corrected his actions resorted to misinformation, deception, lying, distortion of facts, concealment of facts and also other means that were not limited by moral considerations or legal controls in order to justify the claim of Mahdism and the belief in its promoter and absolute obedience to its teachings
the reality of Secondary students use of social media spaces such as Instagram and TIK TOK its most important repercussions on their family upbringing
Social media or virtual spaces are now and in all societies is known as the new social information, which is witnessing a dynamic movement of development and spread that has a clear and visible impact on socialization in general and on family upbringing in particular The latter usually appears in the exterior appearance of the children or in the character of the children, Because new generations have become totally dependent on these virtual spaces at all stages of life or even daily life after the first goal of using these virtual sites was primarily learning in this particular age group. And because tracers of prevailing social conditions are aware that the use of these virtual spaces has taken a special direction as it moves towards affecting social construction in general and families in particular And so our study came to stop the reality of the use of these virtual spaces, especially the use of Instagram and TikTok in high school children and the most important implications for their family upbringing, In this study, we rely more on the field side for more realistic results. In this field study, we focus on some secondary students and their use of Instagram and TikTok in the city of Mesaila.
Social transformations in Algerian desert cities and the problem of identity
The subject of this research paper deals with the problem of social transformations witnessed by Algerian desert cities and their relationship to the social identity of the inhabitants of these cities, as the urban context of desert cities in general and the city of Djanet in particular was characterized by continuous and rapid development, especially in recent years, including the socio-economic and urban dimension. This shift and change is explained by a set of factors that we limited to mentioning political, educational and the demographic factor.
Mechanisms of counselors in schools and professional institutions to reduce the phenomenon of violence in the school environment
The current study aims to know the mechanisms of counselors in schools and professional institutions to reduce the phenomenon of violence in the school environment. To achieve this, the researchers relied on the descriptive approach for its suitability to the subject of the study, using the questionnaire as a study tool represented in the questionnaire (Mechanisms of counselors in schools and professional institutions to reduce the phenomenon of violence in the school environment) designed by the researchers, including (22) paragraphs distributed over three dimensions, which are (accompaniment, mediation and media) on a sample of guidance counselors at the level of Tamanrasset district, the number was (41) counselors distributed over 41 educational institutions in secondary and intermediate schools. The current study reached the following results: There is a difference in the use of guidance counseling mechanisms to reduce the phenomenon of violence in the school environment in favor of the accompaniment dimension. There are statistically significant differences in the guidance counseling mechanisms to reduce the phenomenon of violence in the school environment attributed to the variable of experience. This is in favor of counselors who have more than 20 years of experience. There are statistically significant differences in the guidance counselor's mechanisms to reduce the phenomenon of violence in the school environment due to the variable of specialization in favor of the psychology specialization.
Psychological flexibility to treat acceptance and commitment as a mechanism to reduce exam anxiety for the learner in the final stage of secondary education (A field study of secondary education in Hassi Bahbah Djelfa (
The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a program consisting of (08) session based on the psychological flexibility in reducing test anxiety, on a sample of (33) final section learners from Hassi Bahbah Djelfa secondary schools, distributed between males and females across the sections Scientific and literary students are practicing their studies during the academic year 2023/2024. They were chosen intentionally. The experimental approach with a one-group design was used with a pre- and post-measurement, where the Sarson test anxiety scale was used, and a training program to develop psychological flexibility, where the problem revolved around the possibility of adopting psychological flexibility for acceptance and commitment therapy as a strategy to reduce test anxiety. The results of the study revealed the contribution of psychological flexibility for acceptance and commitment therapy and the size of its effect in reducing test anxiety, as (23) learners from the sample recovered, while (10) learners improved significantly.
The authority of the Caliph and the limits of his mandate in the Islamic political system
The subject of the Khalifa’s authority and the limits of his mandate in the Islamic political system is one of the topics that political jurisprudence has been interested in, both ancient and modern, because it relates to the most important position in the state and its powers represented in the powers entrusted to him. Political jurisprudence, ancient and modern, has highlighted those powers, which relate to executive and judicial powers. It is noted that there are those who presented those powers mixed between religious and worldly powers, and there are those who tried to distinguish between them, i.e. religious powers and political powers, but this division is only for the sake of distinction and highlighting powers and its purpose is not to separate what is religious and worldly, but rather it is distinction. Religious powers were not intended to preserve and protect the foundations of Islam, such as protecting the faith, fighting enemies, and performing the rituals of religion. As for the political powers, which political jurisprudence expressed as worldly powers, they are what falls within the rules of the executive authority, such as maintaining internal and external security, administrative, financial and judicial affairs. As for the legislative powers, and given the nature of this authority in Islam, the Imam has the authority Legislation if it is based on diligence, and if jurisprudence differs regarding the extent to which the Imam can compel the legal rulings based on diligence, then the most likely opinion is that it is compulsory, and this is out of concern for preserving the legal laws and guarding the religious rulings and not leaving them in chaos, and the guardian of the matter is nevertheless bound by restrictions, which are commitment to the principle of consultation, and commitment to the opinion of the majority, and in view of the khalifa’s powers and authority, Islamic law has set limits and guarantees so that the Imam does not exceed the limits of his authority, and these are represented in commitment to consultation, and supervision over it, which results in responsibility in the event that those limits are exceeded.
The impact of jurisprudential rules on the ruling of aborting a deformed fetus
The issue of aborting a fetus, regardless of the reason, has been a topic extensively discussed by Islamic jurists, both past and present. They unanimously agree that it is forbidden to abort a fetus after it has been endowed with a soul, except in one specific case—when continuing the pregnancy poses a real danger to the mother’s life. In recent times, many scholars and researchers have applied ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) to medical issues, including the application of jurisprudential rules to the abortion of deformed fetuses. This research seeks to highlight some of those rules that govern the abortion of deformed fetuses, with the aim of fulfilling the objectives of Islamic law in preventing harm and ensuring benefit to the individuals accountable under Shariah. Our findings indicate that the jurisprudential texts affirm the prohibition of harming the fetus, whether healthy or deformed, except in one circumstance. Furthermore, modern medical technology often detects deformities that are minor and can be lived with, while more severe deformities typically lead to natural miscarriage or the fetus dying shortly after birth. Additionally, the application of jurisprudential rules to contemporary issues follows specific guidelines that must be observed.
Basics of Data Analysis and Interpretation in Media Studies
It is undeniable that data and information are the fundamental elements of any scientific work, as they assist researchers in precisely defining the dimensions of the problem, its causes, and methods of treatment. Interpreting data to reach conclusions helps build and develop human knowledge by qualifying the researcher for important stages in scientific research, without which it is impossible to study and analyse scientific problems and reach conclusions. The researchers work in interpreting and analyzing data is an attempt to understand the phenomena, a creative step that highlights the synergy of the researchers mental abilities, cognitive experiences, and ability to think soundly and accurately. Most media research is characterized by an overemphasis on empiricism and quantitative interpretation of results without referring to supporting information from theoretical frameworks. The researcher often settles for a quantitative presentation of research results without delving into their analysis and interpretation. It is necessary to take into account not stopping at the limits of automatic data division and classification in the absence of a critical and thorough view of numbers, statistics, and Quantitative results. In this research paper, we will try to address an important aspect of scientific research by explaining some levels and methods of analysis, as well as how to build an analysis and interpretation of results in media research.
The Algerian family between yesterday and today... the birth of a modernist from the depth of authenticity - An aspect of social change in Algerian society-
When we talk about the family system in any society, we are talking about the family pattern, the marital system, the nature of social relations, whether internal or external, the place of men and women in the family, and that's what we're going to try to focus on and highlight in an attempt to determine what Algerian traditional society was like in part. And the extent to which it is consistent and the change that is emerging, called modernity and civilization, the family as a social institution is "the main mediator between the personality of the individual and the social civilization to which he belongs, that the personality of the individual is formed within the family, and that the values and patterns of behaviour of society are largely transmitted through and strengthened by the family" (Sharabi, 1984, p. 33)
Evaluating the Quality of Administrative Performance in the University - The PROGRESS System as a Model: A Field Study at Batna 1
The study aimed to evaluate the quality of administrative performance at the university, using the PROGRES system as a model, from the perspective of professors and administrators at Batna 1 University. To achieve this goal, we relied on the descriptive methodology. The study tool was represented by the questionnaire "Evaluation of Administrative Performance Quality at the University: The PROGRES System as a Model from the Perspective of Professors and Administrators at Batna University," which was designed and applied to a sample of 30 professors and administrators at Batna 1 University. After calculating its psychometric properties, it was applied to the main study sample, consisting of 100 professors and administrators at Batna 1 University, selected using a stratified random sampling method. For statistical data analysis, the researcher relied on the SPSS 27 statistical package, utilizing statistical methods such as weighted averages, arithmetic means, and standard deviations. The following results were obtained: the use of the PROGRES system significantly contributes to improving the quality of pedagogical management from the perspective of professors and administrators at Batna 1 University; the use of the PROGRES system moderately contributes to improving the quality of managing postgraduate studies from the perspective of professors and administrators at Batna 1 University; the use of the PROGRES system has a moderate contribution to improving the quality of managing human resources from the perspective of professors and administrators at Batna 1 University.
The Ijtihād of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and Its Impact on Uṣūlī and Fiqhī Scholarship: An Analytical Study through al-Qurṭubī’s al-Jāmiʿ, with Maṣlaḥa as a Case Study
This study aims to elucidate the foundational principles and legal status of the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) ijtihād, as well as the scholarly competition among Imams in affirming its significance and categorization, alongside their divergence regarding its possibility, validity, and evidentiary basis. The study applies this jurisprudential and methodological lesson to al-Qurṭubī’s principle of maṣlaḥa (public interest) as articulated in his work al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. From this emerges the established recognition of Prophetic ijtihād grounded in the consideration of both immediate and long-term public interests. Furthermore, this study examines how jurists and legal theorists have treated such ijtihād as a legitimate Sharīʿah methodology, endowed with authoritative evidence, clarity, and rational proof. Keywords: Prophetic Ijtihād, al-Jāmiʿ of al-Qurṭubī, Maṣlaḥa (Public Interest), Uṣūlī and Fiqhī Analysis.
The counseling skills used by school and vocational guidance and counseling counselors to modify bullying behavior among secondary school students An exploratory study at the school and vocational guidance and counseling center in Laghouat
The current study aims to identify the counseling skills used by school and vocational guidance and counseling counselors in modifying school bullying behavior among students, and the study was determined by the descriptive and exploratory method, where a questionnaire was prepared on the counseling skills used by counselors in dealing with school bullying behavior, and the sample was selected in a simple random manner consisting of (67) male and female counselors practicing their duties in the city of Aghouat, and the results of the study found The results of the study found that the individual counseling skill is considered the most used in modifying school bullying behavior, and that there are no differences in the counseling skills most used by school and vocational guidance and counseling counselors to modify bullying behavior among students due to the gender variable, while there are differences in the counseling skills most used by school and vocational guidance and counseling counselors to modify bullying behavior among students due to the scientific specialization variable.
The Role of Communication in Shaping Local Public Space
This phenomenological study investigates the evolution of the local public sphere in M'sila, Algeria, tracing its shift from historical cultural-literary dominance towards contemporary political and social discourse. Employing participant observation grounded in philosophical phenomenology, the research critically examines the role of traditional and modern media in shaping public opinion within this context. Key findings indicate significant challenges to equitable participation, particularly for women and marginalised groups, hindering the formation of inclusive public opinion. Furthermore, recent Algerian political shifts have precipitated an amplified political discourse and proliferation of rumours, collectively contributing to the destabilisation of the public sphere's integrity and function. The study concludes with practical recommendations aimed at fostering constructive community dialogue and activating meaningful participation across societal groups, essential for enhancing the democratic resilience and representativeness of M'sila's public sphere.
The status of private archives in archival legislation
This study explores the fundamental role that private archives play in the faithful reconstruction of historical events. By examining their specific characteristics, their provenance, and their value, we highlight the importance of these archives as essential primary sources for historians in their request for truth. Based on specialized literature, the study also investigates the legal status of private archives within national archival legislation, while placing our reflexion in an international comparative framework, through the examination of some experiences of pioneering countries in this field. A descriptive methodological approach was adopted to conduct this analysis. The study concludes with a set of strategic propositions designed to reinforce the integration of private archives into public archival policies and to promote their preservation and valorization. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure that these archives contribute meaningfully to safeguarding historical memory and transmitting reliable, well-documented facts to future generations.
The Concept of Bias as a Gateway to a Philosophy of Coexistence
In a world rife with friction, conflicts, and fierce competition, the call for coexistence emerges as an urgent necessity for all. This imperative raises dualities: distinction/assimilation and conflict/coexistence. This paper explores the following problem: What is the concept of bias, and how can it serve as an entry point to a philosophy of coexistence through educational curricula? Adopting an inductive-analytical approach, the paper examines the concepts of bias and coexistence, then traces manifestations of bias in educational curricula that foster distinction; analyzing its practical utility. It critically deconstructs "enlightened" yet dogmatic, supremacist ideas that reject coexistence, and proposes actionable strategies for integrating coexistence into curricula. Such integration, the paper argues, prevents conflict and collision while preserving the self from assimilation into the other, regardless of the latter’s status. The study concludes with key findings: Bias is a constructive (not destructive) notion; it signifies self-actualization without supremacy or antagonism toward the other; and educational curricula are the optimal tool for both preserving identity and achieving coexistence; free from conflict and confrontation.
The philosophy of being and possible in the Celebratory Theatre “ The Festive Theatre “
The Celebratory Theatre ‘The Festive Theatre’ is different to the traditional /aristian theatre. It is part of a broad and inclusive philosophical system called theatricalism. It was employed in the Arab theatre in response to the calls for originalism that Arab intellectuals called a book and two theatre directors after the June 1967 setback. It is an attempt to promote the Arab theatre and to make it independent from Western theatre traditions and culture and civilization. The Moroccan artist and the theatrical theater Abdulkareem Rasheed is considered to be apractice and a theory of the concept of theatrical theatre in the statements of the celebratory theatrical theatre group,which seeks to find originality and reveal the truth within the confines of the organism, which can challenge the reality, the partial to the kidney, the local to the cosmos and the provisions to the laws. To go beyond standing in what is an object to visualizing what is possible and likely to be done to the Arab theatre is to make its gratuity and the original imag, not borrowed from the Western version, its elegance and virginity in its commemorative philosophy, which is defined in its social customs and traditions and which reflects a culture thatis neutral to the culture of the other. So what's up with the theatre ? What is addedby the philosophy of the Moroccan celebratory theatre group in its statements to create an authentic theatre and what reality it wants is new, changing and civilized..
Reshaping Islamic Financial Services Through Technology: An Analytical Study of Opportunities and Challenges
Islamic financial technology (FinTech) has witnessed remarkable growth recently, becoming an effective tool in enhancing financial inclusion and expanding Sharia-compliant financial services. This study aims to examine the impact of Islamic FinTech on the financial sector, focusing on its role in achieving financial inclusion through innovative solutions based on artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and peer-to-peer (P2P) financing. The research also reviews some leading international experiences in this field and analyzes the opportunities and challenges facing the spread of Islamic FinTech. The study finds that Islamic FinTech offers vast opportunities to enable unbanked individuals to access financial services, improve compliance with Sharia standards, and enhance transparency in financial transactions. However, the success of this technology depends on developing strong regulatory frameworks, strengthening investor confidence, and overcoming technical and legislative barriers. Based on these results, the study suggests that more should be done to create a digital financial environment in Algeria that is in line with Sharia law. It also suggests that the FinTech sector should be encouraged to be innovative, and that Islamic financial institutions and regulatory bodies should work together to get the most out of these technologies.
The term interpretation and its impact on transcendence and extremism in understanding texts, rooting and downloading‏
This topic talks about an important term that some people have exploited, which is the term interpretation, as they used it to distort the religious texts, which led them to extremism and fanaticism, and they dressed up their statements as religious to influence the audience, and in reality they are threatening the intellectual security of the nation first, then its ideological security and unity of its ranks, and therefore it is necessary to confront such thought that poses a danger to individuals of nations and societies, and therefore the purpose of this research was to arrange the results on their premises by invalidating the exploitation of this term and confronting it with scientific clarification, that it is not considered a scientific interpretation as it is with the fundamentalists or the commentators, but rather it is an interpretation arising from whims and affectation of the religious texts. Thus, the clarification is obtained as an introduction to convince the audience and invalidate the arguments of the interpreters without evidence.
Consequentialism in the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
This research attempts to clarify the consequentialist ethical approach underlying AI ethics. This approach has produced two different groups regarding the effectiveness of this ethical approach in managing algorithmic systems and achieving the desired well-being. This has led us to examine the reasons behind each group's reservations. Before all that, we provided a semantic overview of normative ethics, of which consequentialism is a subset, along with deontological ethics and virtue ethics, to facilitate the reader's understanding of the rest of the article. The nature of the topic led us to adopt a descriptive analytical approach and a critical approach for a deep and accessible study of the ethics of artificial intelligence, which has become a contemporary problem following the rise of technology. At the end of the research, we reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the inadequacy of the ethical consequentialist approach to managing artificial intelligence systems.
"Qaid" leader "Si Lakhdar" and his migration to the Levant in 1910
The oued chouly area is among the most important areas that witnessed the emergence of intellectual awareness and the crystallization of national identity among some personalities whose activities accompanied the course of the renaissance in Algeria. Those who sought to address all the arbitrary practices imposed on them by the French colonial administration on a large scale. Perhaps among the most prominent personalities who accompanied this activity in all its fields in oued chouly, we mention the leader "Si Lakhdar", who had a great and important role in defending the people of the region, since he assumed the position of "Qaid" on the throne of oued chouly, and thus he contributed greatly In the crystallization of national awareness among the people of the region. It is noted that this crystallization of the national consciousness, to which the leader "Si Lakhdar" contributed, greatly helped in continuing the struggle activities at the level of the throne of oued chouly, which was mainly represented in standing up to the French colonial policy that sought to obliterate the national identity and spread ignorance and superstition among the population
Challenges of education via distance learning platforms from the perspective of university students and its future prospects (a field study on a sample of Algerian university students)
Our intervention aims to try to diagnose the most important challenges facing the experience of distance and blended learning in the Algerian university since the imposition of home quarantine measures during the coronavirus pandemic until today. In order to achieve this, we selected a random virtual sample of 236 students distributed among the universities of the four regional seminars (Centre, East, West and South). We distributed an electronic questionnaire to them through social media networks that included questions about the availability of the Internet at home, the degree of its flow, as well as identifying the most important challenges they faced in this distance education, and after collecting and analysing the data, we came up with the results that show the challenges in the following order: 89 per cent did not receive training on how to use the distance learning platform. Internet interruptions sometimes (53.8%) and always (32.2%). Poor Internet flow, which was confirmed by 62.3% of students that the Internet flow is average and 26.7% that it is poor. Then comes a challenge related to the lack of responsiveness of the professors themselves to the concerns of the students through the distance education platform by 38.50% and only a few professors respond to the concerns of the students by 33.50%. Accordingly, it became necessary to provide suggestions to improve distance education over and above the suggestions of the students themselves, in particular, ensuring the availability of the Internet and its flow with great strength to avoid all interruptions, providing electronic equipment for all students, training and training students on how to use e-learning platforms. Providing blended and synchronised teaching of video lessons with attendance recording, the need for professors to interact and respond to students' concerns and others. Keywords: Education Challenges - Distance Education - University Students' Perspective - Future Prospects
The impact of the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870 on local sheikhdoms in Algeria - "The Sheikhdom of Majana as a model"
The concept of local chieftaincies (Mashiakhat) evolved as an administrative institution for the tribal domain across different periods, based on the characteristic of hereditary succession and the tribal organization loyal to the ruling power. From this standpoint, this study attempts to shed light on an example of these chieftaincies: the Mijana Chieftaincy (Mashiakhat Majana). The roots of this chieftaincy trace back to the Qalaa of Beni Abbas (Kalâa des Beni Abbès), the Emirate of Awlad Muqran (Ouled Mokrane), one of the great influential families that held significant roles during the Ottoman period. This family also interacted with the French colonial administration, particularly during the period of the Second French Empire (1852–1870), before its social cornerstone, the "Muqrani family," was subjected to dismantling and fragmentation in the context of abolishing the system of the Arab Bureaus (Bureaux Arabes) and the emergence of the civil system. The study aims to demonstrate the repercussions of the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870 on the local chieftaincies in Algeria, taking the Mijana Chieftaincy as an example. It will examine the consequences and effects resulting from the colonial administration's resort to the displacement of the Hachem tribes and the settlement of colonists from Alsace and Lorraine. This led to changes in the social and economic structure of the region's inhabitants and the Mijana Chieftaincy, employing a historical, analytical, and comparative methodology.
Media and Union Communication and Promoting Union Action in Algeria: A Socio-Media Approach
This study analyses and interprets the nature of the relationship between the media, trade union communication and trade union action in Algeria, and the contexts of its transformations, based on a sociological analysis of trade union practices، and descriptive methodology, based on a purposive sample of data, announcements and electronic publications issued by three unions active in the health, higher education and national education sectors between 2022 and 2025, using indirect observation to examine how unions use media and communication in their activities. One of the main findings of the study is that the restriction of union, political, and media freedoms contributes to the weakness of both internal and external union media and communication, as well as union action, due to the lack of sufficient freedom to criticize economic and social policies that harm the working class. Due to the absence of discussion around the real issues that concern labor forces.
The phenomenon of deviation in demonstrative pronouns - examples from the Holy Qur’an - a grammatical and rhetorical study
This study examines one aspect of linguistic deviation (al-ʿudūl) in the Holy Qur’an, focusing specifically on the phenomenon of deviation in demonstrative pronouns, as illustrated through selected Qur’anic examples. It aims to identify the purposes behind this phenomenon and uncover the rhetorical wisdom in the Qur’anic usage of such deviations. Undoubtedly, these linguistic shifts did not occur arbitrarily or by coincidence; rather, they were deliberate, intended to reveal aesthetic dimensions and rhetorical subtleties reflected in the structure and expression of the Qur’anic text. In principle, the demonstrative pronoun should correspond with the entity it refers to. Thus, any departure from this norm invites reflection and inquiry. Nothing in the Qur’an appears ambiguous or inconsistent without underlying meanings and indications, manifested in its wording and composition—even if such subtleties may elude even the most learned scholars. Based on this premise, the researcher seeks to reveal the rhetorical nuances resulting from these deviations in demonstrative pronouns—such as expressing proximity or distance, magnification or diminution, and the intentional reference to the mentioned entity—drawing upon sources in Qur’anic exegesis, Arabic linguistics, and related disciplines.
"Achieving tourism development in the Beni Snous area through some villages in Oued El-Khemis."
Tourism is one of the most important means used by countries to achieve development. It involves a variety of tourism, some of which are related to religious establishments, such as religious tourism, and others to cultural facilities, such as cultural tourism, We find that the rural area has been effectively integrated into the achievement of sustainable development, as rural areas that have natural and cultural components can achieve a significant recovery in tourism, Among the most important areas in Tlemcen that have these resistances, among Beni Snus, this area witnessed the passage of many civilizations on it, which earned it a distinguished cultural blend, in addition to its distinctive nature, Through this intervention, we will try to shed light on Wadi Al-Khamis as a model for achieving tourism development
Imam Abdul Wahids efforts in caligrapgy issues
This research deals with the efforts of one of the prominent scholars of the Maghreb school in the field of drawing up the Holy Qur’an, this science that has established its market and flourished at the hands of the leaders of the scholars of our Maghreb school with all its scientific cities that brought together Kairouan, Algeria, and the metropolis of Fez. He is the scholar Abdul Wahid bin Ashir, the jurist and reciter, This research paper was devoted to achieving goals, perhaps the most prominent of which is to explain the scientific addition that distinguished his explanation of the resource compared to the previous compositions. He adopted the inductive and analytical method to trace his opinions, whether they were deductions, performative choices, or directives to the phenomena of Ottoman painting, and then analyze them. And comparing it with the sources of the resource, such as the sayings of Suleiman Ibn Najah, and Al-Balansi in his Munsif, The research has achieved results including: Explaining the personality of this distinguished and distinguished person, far from the arena of jurisprudence in which he was known and famous, and comparing his choices with issues that were previously worked on, all of which is explained within the pages of this research.
Service-Learning Strategies as a Mechanism to Improve the Quality of University Education and Prepare Students for the Labor Market: A Field Study at Larbi Ben M’hidi University - Oum El Bouaghi -
This study aims to investigate the extent to which Service-Learning strategies contribute to improving the quality of university education by preparing students for integration into the job market. To achieve this goal, the descriptive approach was adopted, and a scale was used and distributed to a simple random sample consisting of 350 students from the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences at Larbi Ben M'hidi University in Oum El Bouaghi. The study results revealed that the level of application of Service-Learning strategies at Larbi Ben M'hidi University – Oum El Bouaghi is low. The current study also concluded that the role of the university professor in activating Service-Learning strategies is weak. Additionally, there is a lack of student awareness and limited benefit from the university's information regarding Service-Learning strategies, which reflects the weakness of the information and communication channels that qualify students to understand the importance of this mode of learning in their professional preparation. Furthermore, the educational programs lack practical components and materials that support the development of professional competencies. This indicates a gap between the theoretical objectives of these strategies and the level of their practical implementation within the university institution. The significance of these results lies in highlighting the urgent need to adopt Service-Learning strategies as an educational mechanism to enhance students' readiness for the job market, by proposing its integration into the curricula, organizing training courses for professors, and activating career guidance services within the university.
Influences of the Islamic Faith in the Ornament of the Metal Arts during the Ottoman era In the light of models preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Arts in Algiers
This study seeks to demonstrate the influences of the Islamic faith in the Ornament of applied arts in the Ottoman era, through selected models of metal arts preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Arts in Algiers. This study relied on the descriptive approach that was employed in describing the Ornament executed on metal arts, and mixed it with the analytical method due to the decorative elements included in the selected models with ideological connotations that require analysis. The study concluded with a set of results, including that the Muslim artist’s compliance with his faith led him to decorate his artistic products with decorations deriving their meanings from this faith. Floral and geometric decorations had the largest share due to the connotations their elements represent related to the Islamic religion. The study also concluded that the lack of decorations Animalism in the studied arts stems from the Muslim artist’s avoidance of depicting living creatures due to the hatred of that in his religion, and if they are found among his decorations, they are limited to animals related to his faith