The Clash between the Umayyad and Abdullah Bin Zubair An Analysis of the Chronology of Political and military conflict in the Light of Official Correspondences

Abstract

The opposition of Abdullah bin Zubair was one of the most prominent movements against the rule of Bani Umayyad, his ambition to ascend the throne of the caliphate pushed him to fight the Umayyads with weapons, especially Abdul Malik bin Marwan, the Umayyads made all means to suppress his movement and stop his expansion, and the sources conveyed to us many messages sent by The Umayyad caliphs in this regard, whether to their workers or to Ibn al-Zubair himself in an attempt to dissuade him from his determination in peaceful ways before switching to the conflict and fighting, the aim of this study was to stand on this side of the conflict and follow its stages in light of the messages sent by the caliphs to him or to their workers about dealing with him, starting with Maaouiya ibn Abi Sofian and ending with Abd al-Malik bin Marwan, whose the end of ibn al-Zubair was by his hands, relying on the historical approach to the mechanism of description, analysis and extrapolation by following the texts of those messages in their sources , and devising what would serve us in tracking the stages of the conflict and its details, We have found through letters and texts that the Umayyads harnessed all their efforts and abilities in order to eliminate ibn zubair's revolution and limit its expansion, they often chose competent leaders for those tasks, who were the cause of the resolution of situations , adopting military confrontation and resolving positions by the sword not thought, and by eliminating ibn al-Zubair, his policy failed, by which he intended to restore the glory of the Hijaz and his political consideration as it was in the days of the Prophet's and The Prophet's covenant. Abd al-Malik restored the hidjaz and the nation's political unity returned again and all who left against him were Kharijites in Iraq whose obedience was adulterated.