Comparing Algeria’s Personal Data Transfer Rules with general data protection regulation

Abstract

This article evaluates how Algeria’s dual framework for international transfers of personal data the general regime established by Law 18-07 and the special regime introduced by Law 25-11 compares with the transfer architecture of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and with widely accepted international standards. The study uses a doctrinal and comparative method and proposes an efficacy rubric that scores legal adequacy, enforceability, procedural pathways, technical alignment, cross-border governance, online-specific safeguards, and institutional capacity. The analysis maps the adequacy-led approach and the enumerated derogations in Law 18-07 alongside the new regime for transfers by competent authorities under Law 25-11, which adds prior-consent control over onward transfers. Findings indicate meaningful convergence and legislative maturation, while showing that effectiveness depends on clear authorization criteria and timelines from the National Data Protection Authority, standardized contractual clauses and transfer impact templates, and operational procedures for competent authorities, including narrowly framed emergency use. The article concludes with policy and practice recommendations to strengthen predictability and interoperability, support trusted cross-border data flows, provide practical guidance, and safeguard national sovereignty together with the rights of individuals