Algerian–Swedish Relations: Between the Protection of Swedish Maritime Trade and the Algerian Naval Presence in the Mediterranean (1661–1729)

Abstract

This research examines the relations between Sweden and the Regency of Algiers between (1661-1729), focusing on naval conflicts and diplomatic negotiations between the two powers. It seeks to understand how a Northern European state like Sweden, striving to secure its Mediterranean trade through maritime expansion and protective institutions, came into confrontation with Algiers, a firmly established naval power that exerted effective influence over navigation in the western and central Mediterranean. The study concludes that during this period, relations shifted from military clashes and the captivity of Swedish sailors to the establishment of a structured diplomatic and legal framework, culminating in the Peace Treaty of 1729. By this treaty, Sweden recognized Algerian maritime sovereignty in exchange for free passage of its ships, the obligation to pay an annual tribute, and the exchange of captives, while also establishing its first consular representation in Algiers to manage the affairs of sailors and merchants and to liaise with local authorities. This marked a turning point that shifted Swedish–Algerian relations from confrontation to negotiation and peace.