The Algerian Historical Journal (A.H.J) is an international refereed scientific journal, open as access free for readers. It is published by the Laboratory of Studies and Research on the Algerian Revolution, affiliated to Mohamed Boudiaf University in M'sila (Algeria), and is a semi-annual journal (June, December). IThe journal publishes original scientific research paper and Electronic, written in one of the languages: Arabic, English and French. (A.H.J) The magazine is open to researchers from inside and outside the country to publish their scientific production, which is characterized by originality and novelty. Its field of competence is general history in its various fields and disciplines (ancient, medium, modern and contemporary). The magazine aim at publishing specialized historical research and studies so as to keep pace with the efforts of historical research in both Algerian and international universities, and also provides an academic platform for researchers to disseminate historical knowledge with the aim of contributing to innovative work in this field with accurate and objective research that adheres to the methodology of scientific research and its internationally recognized steps aiming at developing scientific academic research in Algeria. (A.H.J) provide immediate open access to its content on the principle that making the research freely avaible to the public supporting a greater global exchange of knowledge. The article must contain the title and abstract in the language of the article and in English is mandatory.
Centers of cultural enlightenment in the Touat region during the Ottoman era
The strategic location of Tuat region in the middle of the desert made it a meeting point and at the same time a gathering point for caravans trade crossing the desert, which gave its people the opportunity to interact and deal with merchants and practice trade, tis later was an important reason for the scientific and cultural movement of the region, the Tuat region was known for the spread of many scientific and cultural institutions, such as Mosques and Zawiyas, that embraced the scientific movement existing in the region and were credited with forming elites of eminent scholars. Through this study, we will attempt to cover the most important educational and cultural institutions that have made the region a cultural center that attracts students and scholars.
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The Italo-Turkish War 1911-1912 (The Tripolitan War)
The attainment of Italian unification necessitated the engagement in four distinct wars of different magnitudes, ultimately fulfilling the aspirations of both liberal and conservative proponents. Consequently, the Kingdom of Italy emerged as a prominent European power, in which in the wake of its failed attempt to seize possession of Tunisia and its eventual defeat at the Battle of Adwa, the new nation sought out alternative available strategies to realize its colonial ambitions. That made Italy declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1911-1912, During it, Italy, sought to drive the Turks from Libya, This led to Artillery being fired in the Mediterranean, and the Red sea, the Dardanelles.
De Gaulle and the ordinance of 07 March 1944, Historical context and dimensions
The follower of France's location during the fronts of World War II finds that it was defeated and in the early years of the outbreak of that war, and then that early defeat has been reflected on its colonies, which were seeking liberation, we mention Algeria, which tried the leaders of the national movement at the time to continue the struggle, where Farhat Abbas issued a statement in February 1943, which included many and varied demands, the most important of which is the denunciation of colonialism and its forms, that statement, although it came in the circumstances of the war, but it was resonated and even reached Allied officials in Algeria
Methodological and procedural errors related to academic research questions and ways to correct them
Each of us has his own way of reaching the goal he seeks to achieve, but science has a special way of achieving the goal, and this method has always been overlooked by many researchers and students, which makes it difficult for them to reach good results in their research. Therefore, we seek, through this presented research paper, to highlight the technical methodological and procedural errors in this dissertation. Especially the errors related to the questions asked, and the way they are presented, and we will try to provide some solutions that have proven successful during our course in training doctoral and master’s students in order to bring them to safety in their research.
The colonial educational violence in Algeria
The instrumentalization of the school and by expansion of the educational system as a means of domination during the colonial period is, as little as we can say, a colonial reality whose aim is to perpetuate domination and to rule out all specter of revolt or rebellion. By the invention of a national novel, a new identity and by the illusion of integration into a new Eurocentric whole, towards a modernity with civic, universal and human values. A thesis that invalidates a “rebellious”, “terrorist” Algeria conscious of its own novel and its identity in the Zaouia and other Islamic centers.
Between chains and light: The abolition of slavery in Tunisia and its World Reflections (1846-1897)
In the 19th century, Ahmed Bey abolished slavery in Tunisia in 1846, influenced by European abolitionist movements. Despite this progress, the implementation of abolition faces challenges. After 1846, preliminary measures limited the slave trade, but slavery practices persisted. Freed slaves, especially women, remain economically bound to their former masters. The abolition of slavery in Tunisia in the 19th century was a complex and nuanced process. While it marked a major step towards a more just and egalitarian society, it did not succeed in erasing slavery practices and dependencies inherited from the past. The ambiguity between slavery and servitude, resistance to change and the implications of Islamic law have contributed to maintaining some form of dependence among former slaves, highlighting the complexity of abolition and its lasting impact on Tunisian society.
The Greek presence in the ancient Maghreb between the fiction of the novel and the reality of colonial motives
During the seventh century BC, the ancient Maghreb witnessed an expansionist movement and colonial activity on its lands. By the Greeks. Based on that, our article came to investigate the real motives that were behind this expansion, as we recorded two types of motives. The first was a mythological one that was linked to the gods and was used as an excuse to give legitimacy to the colonization of the region. The second is real, embodied in the driving reasons for the Greek colonial presence in North Africa. There were many political, economic, and social reasons.
The culture and titles of the kings of ancient Algeria in the balance of great powers '' Syphax and Massinissa as models
Far from flattering the kings of ancient Algeria and free of historical emotions culture, this study was not aimed at highlighting the high literature they left in making the country a multicultural centre, both local and global, Even for scientists and intellectuals from within and outside the country to the extent that they are subjected to the so-called political and cultural titles that have in fact created a reconciliation of the Numedian cultural heritage with international sovereignty. as they have given multiple knowledge its place and established cultural milestones that have become the destination of thinkers and renowned scientific elites, As a further result, given their aspiration to the rest of the world's cultures and despite the diversity of population groups rights ", they were interested in their place among their various contemporary superpowers.
the Numidian-Greek relations during (203-46 BC)
The aim of this study is to examine on the origins of the Numidian-Greek relations in fields political, trade civilizations relations, When the Numidian king reached the throne in 203 BC, he started a new era for his kingdom. The Numidian state opened up to the peoples of the Mediterranean and entered into relations with neighboring countries. The Greek cities were among the most significant areas that had political and economic relations with Numidia. This evident throughout the discovery of many material remains in the Numidian kingdom, such as jars, pottery lamps and metal utensils, as well Greek communities lived in the capital, Cirta, The results that reached which resulted in an important cultural harmony that was evident in the adoption of this Punic deities, and this is confirmed by several inscriptions found in the Alhofra temple. In return, the Greeks build monuments and statues to Massinissa, Gulussa, and Hiempsal II as a thank and an acknowledgment of their gratituded. But the cultural influences, especially the linguistic ones, remained limit to the royale palace and the Numidian elite.
A systematic approach to studying the material cultural heritage (A reading into the nature of the Numidian royal shrines)
This research aims to know the nature of material heritage and the extent of its influence on our culture, which needs a new reading, to understand the patterns and behavior of those ancient human societies and their beliefs, and their attachment to authentic architectural art, and to search for its reflection in the present and the extent of the development of its artistic elements of a local character, and from the results we have reache the following : The Numidian royal shrines are considered important architectural landmarks in the map of local funerary architecture, upon which our hopes for searching for belonging, and the deep goy of our origins are committed. They also confirm the antiquity of human settlement and the existence of an ancient political system in the region.
African Provinces under Roman Exploitation: The Agricultural Aspect as a Model
Economic potential was available in Ancient Maghreb that helped achieve economic stability for the Roman Empire. Upon their contact with African territory, the Romans discovered the agricultural importance of the ancient Maghreb lands and became familiar with the region's varied wealth. Through extensive land exploitation and efforts to intensify agricultural production using particular strategies, they aimed to address the increasing demands of Roman society and serve political purposes. Through this research, we focus on the Roman agricultural exploitation in the African provinces (as Proconsularis and Numidia) during the reign of the first emperor.
The symbolic significance of models of Algerian traditional customs in dress, jewelry, and adornment, and their background in ancient history
This article aims to shed light on some models of dress and adornment in the contemporary Algerian cultural heritage, and we try to trace its ancient historical roots, and monitor its various symbolic dimensions and connotations, using the tools of anthropology, by which we mean: description, analysis, and comparison. The study finally concluded that dress and adornment, such as: the Tuareg belt, the Amazigh khalala, shaving, the Kabylie barnos, and tattoos, are among the basic pillars of the contemporary Algerian cultural heritage, and this was confirmed by ancient material sources and Greek and Latin literary texts that pertained to the ancient history of Algeria.
Archaeological restitution between the multiplicity of concepts and methods of application and objectives
The archaeological heritage generated a set of studies and hypotheses, especially those that we lost the historical texts that were not documented historically, suffered from vandalism and damage to their condition, especially in archaeological sites, whether due to the large number of visitors, as well as wars and hostilities, the black market for antiquities, and natural disasters prompts us to re-evaluate and study this heritage by applying the approach of archaeological reimagining of archaeological sites. Through the reconstitution of archaeological sites by different ways, methods and forms, which has recently developed with the modernity of architectural survey and data processing with advanced technology, it could be printed in the form of three-dimensional objects, and the challenge will be to determine the correct method and appropriate application, as our topic will be this contribution to how it works, down to understanding and classifying it in order to re-display the archaeological heritage in a new way. re-employ and exploit it.
Sensitivity and influence of the internal and external medium on the textile and wood materials in the museum
The sources of organic materials vary and vary, some of which are from an animal or plant source and are obtained directly, such as: wood, bone, and ivory, or indirectly through their manufacture such as textiles, manuscripts, and leather, and the latter are usually very sensitive to various environmental conditions, such as: Light, heat, high humidity, pollution and other factors of the preservation medium, and in this study we will highlight the most important internal and external factors that have a negative impact on the textile material inside the museum, as the latter is among the organic materials that are most sensitive to external factors, and the aim is to identify The most important factors that lead to damage and how it can affect the material.
The material effects and cultural heritage in the city of Bou Saada through the ages
The objective of the study on the subject of the material heritage and cultural heritage of the city of Bou Saada is to shed light on the potential of heritage, civilization and history by introducing it and its material heritage, which has resulted from the human presence and the succession of civilizations. Its inhabitants have valuable architectural and historical facilities. The material heritage of a pre-historic period dates back to the modern era requires us to preserve, preserve and value its monuments. The importance of the study therefore lies in the fact that it is in addition to the definition of our history and heritage and that it is possible to make use of these infrastructures in order to promote the region and to restore the material cultural heritage that it possesses. One of the most important findings of the study is that the city of Bou Saada has a historic high standing because of the succession of human civilizations. The latter has had many tangible, tangible and tangible effects, as well as its cultural and social diversity and geographical location. This study has highlighted some of the factors that must be exploited and invested in the region ' s development and restoration of its leadership.
Contributions of Muslim mathematicians to the invention of analysis: The concepts of limit and infinity in the works of Thabit Ibn Qurra as a model
This study aims to show the contributions of Muslim mathematicians that led to the invention of analysis. Although mathematics historians acknowledge Muslim mathematicians in developing geometry and inventing algebra, they attribute all the credit for inventing mathematical analysis to the Europeans. Mathematics in Islamic civilization began with the acquisition from previous nations, followed by a period of creativity with great development in geometry and the invention of algebra. These two sciences were the main reason for the birth of analysis after being inherited directly by the Europeans from Muslim scholars. Modern analysis studies infinity quantities based on the limit concept, which has its roots in the geometric “method of exhaustion”. However, the works of Thabit Ibn Qurra in the ninth century AD included the concepts of limit and infinity by adding algebraic calculation to this method.
Aspects of social life in the Middle Maghreb in the late Middle Ages Through the books of documents "contracts"
Documentation books, despite their jurisprudential nature, are considered one of the most important sources that researchers have come to rely on in writing Maghrib history in the Middle Ages. This is because it carries within it a documentary stock that can be used to study several aspects of Maghribin civilizational history (social, cultural, economic). This study aims to reveal the importance of document books in enriching the resources of historical research, especially in its marginalized aspects related to people’s daily lives and society, which have been neglected by traditional autography, by employing the analytical and inductive historical method to interrogate the cognitive content in order to identify aspects of social life. The Middle Maghreb in the late Middle Ages.
The role of Jewish scientific families in the translation and transfer of science from Andalusia to Europe (4-9 Ah / 10-15 ad)
The subject of the research is the role of Jewish scientific families in the translation and transfer of knowledge and science from Andalusia to Europe during the period from the 4th-9th century AH / 10-15th ad, through the translation movement in Andalusia and the schools that were founded to translate Muslim literature and the work of Jews in them, especially as they have great knowledge of the languages of Arabic and Latin, as a result of their mixing and coexistence with Muslims .we have touched on the role played by Jews in the translation movement and the transit of literature to Europe and focused on the examples of the most important Jewish scientific families involved in translation.
The role of the ruling authorities in securing trade and Hajj routes in the Central Maghreb (6-10 AH/12-16 AD)
Scrutinizing the topic of the efforts of the ruling authority in securing the trade and pilgrimage routes in the countries of the Central Maghreb is a historical study that requires the researcher to extrapolate various historical texts which can provide information in regards to the efforts and positions of the ruling political authorities in securing the trade and pilgrimage routes of the caravans of the countries of the Central Maghreb.After following and reading the texts, the researcher came to the conclusion that the ruling political authorities in the countries of the Central Maghreb worked to stop the activity of thieves and bandits and mitigate their effects, and monitor the necessary preventive measures and restraints concerning imposing security on the roads to confront those who violate it, such as thieves, warriors and bandits, and their actions were reflected in a fruitful way for the economy and society, ceasing the aggressors’ malicious behaviour and lessening their impact.
The habous inscription of Abu Al-haҫen Al- Marini sultan (737-749 AH/ 1337-1347 AD) in Al- Aubbed village in tlemcen
This research provides a historical analysis of the habous inscription of Sultan Abu Al-haҫen Al-Marini(737-749AH/1337-1346AD)on his wakfs institutions in Al-Aubbad village from Tlemcen(mosque, school) Due to its importance, which is reflected in its information, such as: the prisoner’s name, property’s type, writing methodology to the text. Which reflects the Tlemcen’s civilized level in many fields, like urbanization and economy, especially as it is contemporary to the event.The research’s aim is to extract the historical value to the inscription, and to clarify its contribution to the Tlemcen history’s, and for this we used the fikh and the historical approach. It has been concluded that the inscription is an important document in writing the Tlemcen’s history, the historian must be used it always, nor other archaeological sources in his reacherches.
Residential doors in the Moroccan Islamic city Through the books of calamities - a documentary study -
The article addresses an important architectural issue related to the provisions of the doors (entrances) of dwellings in the Islamic city, which the scholars established and fixed based on the provisions of Islamic law and the fatwas of jurisprudential scholars in general, and based on the catastrophes that occurred in the Islamic city, for which Moroccan scholars devoted special books in which they detailed them and issued their rulings with the help of Construction wizards. We will see that opening doors (entrances) to homes in cities was not spontaneous, but rather was in accordance with controls that sought to preserve the sanctity of the Muslim individual within his home and city.
The prisoner Emanuel D’Aranda in Algeria (1640-1642), a loyal servant of Christianity and a staunch lawyer for it
The pages of this article shed light on Emanuel d'Aranda, who loyally served Christianity. He is from the Belgian region of Bruges. He lived as a prisoner in the city of Algiers between the years 1640 and 1642, after he was released in a prisoner exchange. Written by: Les Captifs Algeria d'après la relationship of Emanuel d'Aranda Jadis Esclave in Alger (XVIIème Siècle), in which he told us about many stories of prisoners he met in Hammam Ali Betchin in particular, and in the city of Algiers in general, but the reader of this writing will find its author embodying the service Loyal to the Christian religion and defending it boldly. Who is Emmanuel Darenda? What are the contents of his composition? What were his faithful services to Christianity? Was he honest or the opposite? This is what we would like to know.
The joint maritime activity between algeria and tunisia in the mediterranean fild during the 17th century AD
This study deals with an aspect of Algerian -Tunisian relations in the Mediterranean during the 17th century, which represented a golden age for the Algerian navy, with the acridness of the development of its activity, front the increase of the acridness of the Islamic and Christian scramble. This situation steered the Algerian and Moroccan sea captains to form a Maghreb fleet for working together from the logic of common motives in cooperation with Tunisian sailors, during to the existence of lot of importance considerations in the development of this partaken activity which appears through joint naval campaigns on the Christian coasts .in addition to the exchange materials support.
The role of the Algerian Navy in saving the Muslims of Andalusia after the fall of Granada in 1492
The issue of the Muslims of Andalusia is one of the central issues that has preoccupied many scholars and intellectuals as a sensitive issue affecting faith. After the elimination of the Islamic presence on the Iberian Peninsula, and the fall of Granada as the last Muslim stronghold in 1492. Spain aimed at overcoming Muslims and eliminating Morskians in Andalusia. Who due to the fear from the persecution and the cruelty of the Christians, they came to seek help from their Muslim brothers in the Maghreb zone, especially Algeria, which was known for its strength as it was formally attached to the Ottoman Empire. Joining the Ottoman Empire made the Algerian navy a superpower in the Mediterranean basin in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Algerians answered the call of their Morskians brothers and took it upon themselves to save them from the swarthy situation they had become in Andalusia.
Aspects of the Social Life of the City in Algeria during the Ottoman Period in the Writings of the English "Joseph Pitts" as a Model
During the Ottoman period, Algeria witnessed conflicts with European powers due to its maritime activities in the Mediterranean. This led to the capture of many Europeans by Algerian corsairs,among the English captives Joseph Pitts who was captured in 1678 on his return from Newfoundland. During his captive in the city of Algiers, Pitts recorded many observations about life details there. After his return to England, he published a book entitled "A True and Faithful Account of the Religion and Manners of the Mohametans", which was issued in London in 1704. This source sheds light on various political, economic and social aspects of life in Algeria at that time. What caught my attention was his accurate recording of some social customs of the city's inhabitants, which prompted me to present these aspects to the reader in this article. These aspects include religious rituals of prayer, fasting and ablution, as well as prevailing social traditions in mourning ceremonies, people's greetings, eating habits, marriage, and other manifestations of life at that time.
The Family endowment in the City of Algiers in the late Ottoman era through Sharia court documents
The endowment is an ancient Islamic social phenomenon that was clearly widespread in Algeria, especially in the late Ottoman era, and this is what we noticed through the documents of the Sharia court. Thanks to these contracts, we were able to learn about the nature of the doctrines followed at that time, the type of real estate ownership, the procedures for transferring it within a single family, and how it is distributed among the different social segments within the city of Algiers. .Due to the importance of the Sharia court documents pertaining to the endowment, in terms of the information provide, we made them a basic material for starting this work, These documents have revealed to us the types of endowments through which the donors reserved their properties, including the progeny or family endowment. What is the nature of this type of endowment? Why did some residents of Algiers prefer it in their endowments?
The area of the Hudna countryside between the influence of sheikhdoms and tribal alliances in the late Ottoman era
Durant of the period of time and the beginning of French occupation, the vast city of our country has a place with tribal formations and alliances that influence the nature of the tribal society and its composition in the region and its relations with the autorits that pass through them. the region. These tribal formations have been confronted and have contributed to the emergence of certain tribal divisions that have transformed their allies and enemies.What is the nature of Hodna's tribal society, comment if the three rows form in your domain and what is the nature of relations How do you engage with the auto policy and the auto policy spirit of the region? Our essays respond the case. This contribution is added to the glossary of certain documents in local archives and elsewhere.
Mediterranean and North African issues in French blogs: Braudel’s writings in the African magazine as an example
During the 10/16th century AD, the Mediterranean basin region witnessed many developments and important changes in the existing relations between the various countries bordering it, especially in the western part of it. For Maghreb and North African history, this century is considered a pivotal century as it witnessed a major transformation at all levels, perhaps the most prominent of which is the Islamic-Christian conflict led by both the Ottoman Empire in the East and the Spanish Empire in the West. The latter launched a crusade against the North African region, especially after the fall of Granada. Braudel was so passionate about the Mediterranean, where he showed strong attachment since his youth, and who devoted a large part of his life to understanding its events, facts and changes. In this study, we will deal with his treatment of the Mediterranean issues and concerns based on his published articles in the African Journal.
Contribution of Debruge(1864-1948) in research and Archeological discoveries in Algeria
The colonial authorities were quick to form multidisciplinary military expeditions in an attempt to learn about the nature of the region and its archaeological treasures. Many pioneers emerged who were not necessarily trained or specialised in the field of archaeology, and the results of these expeditions formed the first building blocks of archaeological research in Algeria. In this article, we look at a postal employee and one of the most prominent figures in the field of prehistory in eastern Algeria at the beginning of the 20th century , Artur Debruge, who distinguished by his methodology and style, which often criticised by many of his contemporaries specialised in prehistory, and we learn about his archaeological researches and discoveries, the sites excavated and the archaeological contents extracted. his role in enriching the of national and foreign museums, as well as trying to shed light on the main criticisms of his scientific career and the reservations he faced
El Shaikh Abdallah El Derradji his life and works
This article studies the life and works of an obscure Algerian scholar, who lived in Algeria, Tunisia, and Medina in the nineteenth century, and left us unpublished manuscripts. This study provides a contribution to writing the cultural history of Algeria, and introducing Sheikh Abdullah Darraji and his writings
Al-Buraq Al-Sharif Revolution 1929 in the media coverage of the Algerian newspaper Al-Najah
The article deals with the interaction of the Algerian newspaper An-Najah with the Palestinian Buraq al-Sharif Revolution of 1929, where it tracked its events and developments with unparalleled media interest, and praised the Arab people’s Palestinian response to the ambitions of the Jews in their attempt to seize the Buraq al-Sharif Wall and the Al-Aqsa Mosque to Judaize them as an embodiment of their Zionist project, which received blatant support from Before the British Mandate, this newspaper also focused on highlighting the Arab and Islamic positions in support of the Palestinian resistance, strongly condemning the Zionist attacks on the Palestinian Islamic holy places, and demanding the cancellation of the Balfour Declaration, and other forms of British-Zionist conspiracy targeting the independence and sovereignty of the Palestinian people.
Historical documentation of the ancient mosque “Sheikh Daoudi” in the Ouled Mimoun area – Tlemcen
The Oulad Mimoun region was blessed with the establishment of the first mosque during the French colonial era. It is an ancient mosque whose construction was intended to be a beacon of knowledge and a base for consolidating national identity and strengthening the components and foundations of the region’s population in the face of all methods of colonial administration, which sought to obliterate everything connected to the identity of the Algerian people. It is a historical landmark that the Ould Mimoun region enjoyed, to remain a witness to a bright period of time in the glorious history of the region. This landmark was established due to the desire of men loyal to their homeland who were the first to think about establishing a mosque in the region, as well as the residents of the region who formed the most appropriate and ideal embrace to contain it. The mosque.
Al-Nour Al-Yaqzaniah Newspaper and Reform Issues in Algeria (1931-1933)
This research paper examines and analyzes one of Sheikh Ibrahim Abi Al-Yaqzan's most important newspapers, "An-Noor" (1931-1933). This newspaper has not received the same level of scholarly attention as other newspapers such as "Al-Ummah". Over the course of its two-year lifespan and 78 issues, "An-Noor" carried within its pages a wealth of commendable positions that characterized Sheikh Abi Al-Yaqzan's journalism. These positions included defending the national identity, true Islam, and the unity of the Algerian people. The newspaper also continued the mission of the Association of Algerian Oulema Muslim south by publishing all of its meetings, ideas, and reports.
The french and algerian history schools' dialectic conception of the national movement
Through this research paper, we attempted to address one of the significant topics in Algerian history, and we will address an aspect that, in our opinion, has not always received enough attention. Since historians of the French historical school consciously committed to serving the interests of their country, believing that the best way to control Algeria is to occupy minds, we touched on this topic because we are convinced that the national movement and its concept still require research and reconsideration. This is especially true in light of the subjective practices that these historians engaged in. All they needed to do was adapt Algeria's history to fit their ideology of colonialism. Instead, we aimed to highlight the opinions of the leading figures in the Algerian historical school about the French interpretation of the national movement, determining its origin, and the actual date of its beginning.
Palestine in the literary works of Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Karim Al Khattabi
Prince Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Al-Khattabi was one of the most important figures in the struggle against colonialism in its various forms and colors throughout his life with the aim of liberating the Islamic world in particular and the world in general. This is why Prince Abdul Karim Al-Khattabi is a role model in immortal Islamic heroics. One of the most important issues that he defended is the Palestinian issue, which was and still is the issue of the Islamic world, and in this research paper we will try to monitor the most important positions of Prince Al-Khattabi in support of the Palestinian issue materially and morally.
Humour and Humorous situations in the works of the National Movement and the 1954 1st November Revolution
The aim of this article is to present some funny situations, jokes and humour in the works of the National Movement and the 1st November Revolution. These situations reflect the interactions of militants and leaders with the various events that emerged from their militant practices and revolutionary activities, revealing the human feelings they possessed and which must undoubtedly be highlighted as a resource that ultimately presents a complete picture of the Algerian fighter and human being
The historical dimension of the Algerian nation in the liberation revolution 1954-1962 through archival documents
Through this study, we are trying to address a historical, intellectual, and cultural issue that was addressed by some documents of the Algerian revolution that worked to present the concept of the Algerian nation and root it in the revolutionary, national, liberation concept of the issue through the revolution’s view of the revolutionary doctrine, which is embodied in the group of ideas and forces that translate the aspirations and memories of the Algerian society that is trying to unify its efforts. He engages in an organized national struggle aimed at achieving the desired goal, which is independence. The doctrine works to remove or destroy the colonial system and establish an Algerian state. For this purpose, it seeks to embody a set of guiding principles, including affirming the existence of the Algerian nation, its historical roots, and its right to independence. Condemning and liquidating the colonial system, the characteristics of the Algerian nation, the region, the historical past, common aspirations, language, and religion.
The Second Battle of Djeurf in The Tebessa Zone, April 4 - 10, 1956
The subject is a study of the second battle of Djeurf, which took place in the south of the Zone of Tebessa, and which came as a direct result of a successful ambush set up by the Mujahideen on April 4, 1956, for members of a French military convoy during its passage through the place called Al-Maqraqab, near Mount of Djeurf, where did they achieve a new victory? Which led the leadership of the French colonial army to declare a state of emergency and begin the process of mobilizing its forces in order to pursue the mujahideen participating in the ambush, and this led to the outbreak of a fierce and violent battle between the mujahideen of the National Liberation Army and the elite paratrooper units of the French colonial army supported by the military aviation in the period between 05 To April 10, 1956. It was based on tracking the stages and developments of the battle, and analyzing its results, on living testimonies and Algerian and French historical writings that dealt with its various aspects.
Tunisian-Maghreb relations and Habib Bourguiba’s position on the unity of the Arab Maghreb "1957-1987"
In this article, we will discuss a brief study of the nature of Tunisian-Maghreb relations during the era of President Habib Bourguiba, through our discussion of Tunisia’s position on Maghreb unity, especially since President Bourguiba was known for his Qatari tendencies. Then we touched on the course of relations between Tunisia and neighboring countries, which were known to deteriorate due to the borders. We also provided a summary of Tunisian-Moroccan relations, and Bourguiba’s position on the Western Sahara issue
General de Gaulle's fingerprints in poisoning Tunisian and Moroccan relations with the Algerian revolution 1958/1961
The following study subsumed at the attempts in which the General De Gaule sought to achieve in order to stop support or dry up the sources of the liberation where The Algerian Revolution was drawing upon it in the Tunisian and the Moroccan lands,and so the previous French governments on a covenant of the fourth republic kept trying to stop,but it failed and even committed mistakes as like as that took place in February 1958 in the Tunisian territory, what De Gaule tried to avoid after coming to power as he worked to poison the relations' revolution with the two neighbours by creating crisis and dragging them to the borders' adjustability and also approaching the Saharian borders. For De Gaule his purpose was awakening the revolution and forced it to negotiate according to his proposals. This study tried to highlight the points which had been adopted from the archives of the governing bodies of the revolution, whether the coordination and implementation committee or the interim government of the Algerian Republic.
Algerian-African relations during the era of President Ahmed Ben Bella (1962-1965)
Africa occupies a distinctive position in Algeria’s foreign relations, Where Algeria and Africa were linked by relations in which historical, geographical and human data were an active factor, and the Algerian revolution with its principles and African dimension had a role in creating fertile ground and laying solid foundations and bases for these relations after independence, which the African orientation in the foreign policy of President Ahmed Ben Bella played a pivotal role in these relations. this study sheds light on the relation of the Algerian revolution with Africa and its impact on Algerian-African relations after independence, and how the African orientation in the foreign policy of President Ahmed Ben Bella contributed in building these relations, which evolved to include all political, economic and cultural fields.