تأثير تمرينات فوق التعلم في خفض الحرج الموقفي وتعلم الأداء الفني لفعالية قذف الثقل للطلاب

Abstract

The importance of the research lies in the fact that the individual reaches a certain level of learning that cannot be exceeded except by using new exercises and methods that simulate capabilities. This is evidenced by the development in the global level from one championship to another and from one league to another, in addition to achieving global records. This confirms that there are exercises that work to raise the level when the student reaches a certain level of skill performance. Therefore, the researcher decided to develop exercises beyond learning, the purpose of which is to raise the skill performance of the weight throw activity to a higher level than what the student has reached. Thus, these exercises were placed in the hands of our coaches and players to be part of their educational curricula for the purpose of achieving better performance. Through the researcher’s field observation and follow-up of this activity, they noticed the hesitation of many students in performing the weight throw activity, as they did not take into account the principle of balance, the requirements of thinking, the skill aspect, and the psychological aspect, which leads to a weakness in the level of learning the activity for the first stage. Therefore, the researcher decided to develop exercises beyond learning for the purpose of reducing situational embarrassment and achieving optimal performance in learning the weight throw activity for students, and to identify the effect of exercises beyond learning in reducing situational embarrassment and learning the weight throw activity for students. The researcher used the experimental method with the design of two equivalent groups. The research community was determined by the first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the academic year (2024-2025), with a number of (210) students. A sample of (60) students was selected from that community, chosen by a simple random method. The researcher divided them into two groups. The most important conclusions are that the special exercises that used exercises beyond learning and the use of devices have a role in reducing situational embarrassment and learning to perform the weight throwing activity for students through continuous repetitions interspersed with a short rest period, because through the medium repetitions, the student is helped to reach the transition stage if the performance of the skill is correct. The most important recommendations are the necessity of using exercises beyond learning in the rest of the academic subjects in physical education for the purpose of learning skills and retaining information