An analytical study of the causes of fatigue syndrome symptoms in middle-distance female athletes: A case study of Sudanese runners

Abstract

Athletics is distinguished from other sports by being a competition that depends on individual competence and physical ability to compete with other individuals of the same competence to achieve a record that is recorded and recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations. (Athletics) is a Greek word (Athol's), meaning “competition,” and it includes a group of sports, which are mainly divided into running at multiple distances, sprinting, throwing, jumping, hammer throw, discus throw, javelin throw, shot put, pole vault, long jump, and triple jump. It is one of the most famous and popular sports, known since pre-Christian times. In the Olympic Games, it is considered the most internationally renowned event, held every four years since 1896. The World Athletics Championships, held every two years since 1991 (the first edition was in 1983), are also part of this sport. All athletics events are organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) (Al-Safi Abdel Wahab Mohamed, 2013, p. 23). Running competitions are held for long, middle, and short distances. Middle-distance races are characterized by a regular distribution of effort over the distance, requiring the muscular system to work at a consistent speed and duration. This puts the internal systems at their peak, demanding physical, technical, tactical, and psychological exertion. Middle-distance races are a mental and physical challenge, requiring speed, endurance, strength, tactical skills, and a strong start. This usually involves runners standing horizontally. In an 800-meter race, each runner starts two meters ahead of the previous runner and must run 110 meters within their lane to reach the finish line. The runners then run in the first and second lanes, and the distance of 800 meters is covered by the runners in two laps around the stadium, and it is among the middle distances that also include 1500 meters. This distance has been adopted in the Olympic Games program since its inception in 1896 (Hamza, Amna, 2014, p. 42).