Britain and border drawing in the arabian peninsula: reading of the causes and consequences of the saudi hashemite controversy over the Hijaz (1917-1925)

Abstract

This research paper deals with drawing political borders in the arabian peninsula, in the period (1917-1925), and it is one of the negative effects of british colonialism, which was unilaterally drawing these borders under treaties to distribute areas of influence in this arab region. The borders between hijaz and najd are the most important events that dominated the arab mashreq square during the world war, as Britain played a major role in the saudi hashemite dispute over hijaz. Therefore, we follow the historical roots of the problem of the borders between the hijaz and najd, starting with the expansion of Abdel Aziz Ibn Saud in the soil oasis on the edge of the hijaz in 1917, and the consequent widening of the dispute between Sharif Hussein and Ibn Saud until the fall of the Kingdom of hijaz in 1925. And we relied on the archive documents of the ministry french foreign and overseas archives at Aix-en-Provence. We concluded the results, perhaps the most important of which was that the vital interests were behind Britain's unilateral demarcation of the borders between the émirates and the british protectorates in the arabian peninsula