قانة خليفة. “The Semiotics of the Character in Ziouani’s Novel ‘Kamarad’ and Its Role in Introducing African Culture. Semiotic Study ”. El Omda in Linguistics and Discourse Analysis, vol. 9, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 528-41, https://journals.univ-msila.dz/index.php/OLDA/article/view/1082.