boulabeiz, youcef, and rami sidi mohamed. “The View of French Sources on the Conflict of the Qadiriyya and Tijaniya Orders and Its Impact on the Resistance of Emir Abd Al-Qadir 1832-1847 (Saint Anne and Léon Roche Are Examples”. The Algerian Historical Journal 8, no. 02 (January 27, 2026): 46–58. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://journals.univ-msila.dz/index.php/AHJ/article/view/5560.