HABBAK, Omar; TOUMIAT, Abderrezak. The ʿUlamāʾand the Experience of Modernity in the Ottoman Empire (1839–1876) . The Algerian Historical Journal, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 02, p. 235–247, 2026. Disponível em: https://journals.univ-msila.dz/index.php/AHJ/article/view/5059. Acesso em: 4 feb. 2026.